湿粉类制品生产工艺中米酵菌酸污染情况分析

Pollution Analysis of Bongkrek Acid in the Production Process of Wet Rice Products

目的:探索米酵菌酸在湿粉类制品生产工艺过程中的污染风险。方法:选取东莞市2家湿粉类制品企业作为监测点,于2021年7月至2022年6月期间,分4季度按生产工艺及流程共采集样品222份。其中食品类样品共99份,环境类样品共123份。对99份食品类样品进行米酵菌酸检测,并对222份样品进行唐菖蒲伯克霍尔德氏菌分离鉴定。对经生化鉴定为唐菖蒲伯克霍尔德氏菌的阳性菌株,进行椰毒假单胞菌酵米面亚种bon毒力基因检测;同时对阳性菌株进行产毒培养并灭菌,制备的提取液进一步检测米酵菌酸。结果:在99份食品类样品中检出3份米酵菌酸,分别来自1份巴基斯坦碎白米和由其制得的2份混合米浆(混合米浆2和混合米浆3);在222份样品中检出7株唐菖蒲伯克霍尔德氏菌,其中产毒株3株,分别来自1份缅甸碎白米和2份混合米浆(混合米浆2和混合米浆3);不产毒株4株。结论:进口碎米存在米酵菌酸污染风险,原料储存间和处理间的污染风险较大,生产工艺的源头--原料是重点污染环节,需重点关注,同时需重视生产环境的清洁消毒和加热工序的严格执行。

Objective:To explore the pollution risk of bongkrekic acid in the production process of wet rice products.Methods:Two enterprises producing wet rice products in Dongguan were selected as monitoring points.During the period from July 2021 to June 2022,a total of 222 samples including 99 food samples and 123 environmental samples were collected in four quarters according to production processes.99 food samples were detected for Bongkrek acid,and 222 samples were isolated and identified for Burkholderia gladioli.The testing of the bon virulence gene of Pseudomonas cocovenenans subsp.farino fermentans was performed on the positive strains identified as Burkholderia gladioli by biochemistry.At the same time,the positive strains were cultured for toxin production and sterilized,and the prepared extracting solution was used for further detection of Bongkrek acid.Results:Bongkrek acid were detected in 3 samples out of 99 food samples,including 1 piece of Pakistan broken rice and 2 pieces of mixed rice milk(mixed rice milk 2 and mixed rice milk 3);7 strains of Burkholderia gladioli were detected in 222 samples,in which 3 strains were producing viruses,including 1 piece of Myanmar broken rice,and 2 pieces of mixed rice milk(mixed rice milk 2 and mixed rice milk 3).The other 4 strains were not producing viruses.Conclusions:The imported broken rice has the risk of Bongkrek acid pollution,and the risk in the raw material storage room and processing room is relatively high.The source of production process-raw materials is a key pollution link,which need special attention.At the same time,attention should be paid to the cleanliness and disinfection of the production environment,and strict execution of heating processes.