基于有序logistic回归与决策树方法的老年慢性病者获得感影响因素分析

Analysis of Influencing Factors on the Sense of Gain for Elderly Chronic Patients based on Ordered Logistic Regression and Decision Tree Methods

目的了解老年慢性病者获得感情况,探究其影响因素,为后续提升老年慢性病者获得感提供依据。方法本研究数据来源于广东医科大学附属医院的老年慢性病者调查。采用方便抽样对调查期间住院的380名老年高血压、冠心病和慢性前列腺增生患者进行问卷调查,内容包括获得感、社会人口学特征、生理功能、心理功能、社会功能等。采用SPSS 26.0进行单因素多样本秩检验、Spearman相关分析、多因素有序logistic回归模型和CHAID分类决策树分析。结果调查的380名老年慢性病者,2.9%根本没有获得感,40.5%不清楚或中等获得感,66.6%有非常强获得感。多因素有序logistic回归结果显示婚姻状况、文化程度、社会支持、精神支柱等因素均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。未婚,文化程度初中及以下、高中及专科,能像生病前一样与别人来往,精神支柱没有或一般能让其感受到生命意义,适度活动受到限制的老年慢性病者获得感相对较低,OR值分别为0.318、0.172、0.307、0.500、0.145、0.407、0.545。平时没有感受到情绪低落或忧伤,没有因为患病及治疗造成家庭经济困难的老年慢性病者获得感较高,OR值分别为3.042和1.988。分类决策树分析结果显示精神支柱能让感受到生命的意义或生活的价值、是否能像生病前一样和别人来往、患病造成家庭经济困难、适度活动受到限制是影响老年慢性病者获得感的重要因素。结论需关注老年慢性病者精神心理层面的需求,维持人际交往,采取针对性的措施尽可能帮助它们降低活动受限程度,从而提升老年慢性病者获得感。

Objective To understand the sense of gain of elderly chronic patients,explore their influencing factors,and provide a basis for the subsequent enhancement of the sense of gain of elderly chronic patients.Methods The data for this study were obtained from a survey of elderly chronic patients in the affiliated hospital of Guangdong Medical University.Convenience sampling was used to survey 380 elderly chronic patients with hypertension,coronary heart disease and benign prostatic hyperplasia treated in the hospital.The questionnaire included sense of gain,demographic factors,physical function,psychological function,and social function,etc.One-way multi-sample rank test,Spearman′s correlation analysis,multifactorial ordered logistic regression model and CHAID categorical decision tree analysis were performed using SPSS 26.0.Results Among the 380 older chronically ill people surveyed,2.9%had no sense of gain at all,40.5%had unclear or moderate sense of gain,and 66.6%had a very strong sense of gain.The results of multifactorial ordered logistic regression showed marital status,education level,social support and spiritual pillars are associated with sense of gain with all above variables being statistically significant(P<0.05).The OR values for unmarried,below junior high school level,high school and specialist,able to interact with others as they did before they got sick,spiritual pillars to make them no/a little feel the meaning of life,and limited moderate activities are 0.318,0.172,0.307,0.500,0.145,0.407,0.545,respectively,indicating relatively low sense of gain.The elderly chronic patients who usually did not feel depressed or sad,and did not have financial difficulties in their families due to their illness and treatment had a higher sense of gain with OR values being 3.042 and 1.988,respectively.The results of categorical decision tree analysis showed that whether or not spiritual support can make feel the meaning of life or the value of life,whether or not interact with other people as did before the disease,whether or not the disease has caused family′s financial difficulties,and whether or not have limitations on moderate activities are the most important factors influencing the sense of gain of the elderly chronic patients.Conclusion It is necessary to pay attention to the mental aspects of the elderly chronic patients and maintain interpersonal communication,and take targeted measures to help them reduce the degree of activity limitation as much as possible,so as to enhance the sense of gain of the elderly chronic patients.