杉木浸渍与表面涂载阻燃特性研究

Study on the flame retardant properties of Chinese fir impregnation and surface coating

杉木是我国南方林区人工造林的主要树种,多用于室内家具和住宅中,具有用途广、生长快等特点,但杉木耐火性较低,遇高温或热辐射环境极易发生火灾。为降低火灾危险性,本文提出一种阻燃工艺方法制备阻燃杉木,将杉木浸入聚磷酸铵-硼砂复合浸渍液,并在表面涂载三聚氰胺达到阻燃效果。采用锥形量热仪、热重分析仪及点燃试验,研究改性杉木的吸药率、增重率、燃烧性能、热解及点燃特性,并探究其阻燃机理。与原木相比,阻燃处理杉木可有效降低杉木在燃烧时的热释放速率及总热释放,对延缓其在火灾中的燃烧行为有重要作用;总烟释放量、CO及CO_(2)产率均减小,提升了抑烟性能;800℃时,阻燃杉木热解后残炭率提升了160%,热稳定性提高,甲烷火炬能够迅速点燃原木且燃烧剧烈,燃烧90 s后表面失去了整体结构性,而阻燃杉木在90 s内未被点燃。

Chinese fir is the main tree species for artificial afforestation in southern forest areas of China.It is mostly used in indoor furniture and houses.It has the characteristics of wide use and fast growth.However,Chinese fir has low fire resistance and is prone to fire in high temperature or thermal radiation environment.In order to reduce the risk of fire,this paper proposes a flame retardant process to prepare flame retardant Chinese fir.Chinese fir is immersed in ammonium polyphosphate-borax composite impregnating solution,and melamine is coated on the surface to achieve flame retardant effect.The drug absorption rate,weight gain rate,combustion performance,pyrolysis and ignition characteristics of modified Chinese fir were studied by cone calorimeter,thermogravimetric analyzer and ignition experiment,and the flame retardant mechanism was explored.Compared with logs,flame retardant Chinese fir can effectively reduce the heat release rate and total heat release of Chinese fir during combustion,which plays an important role in delaying its combustion behavior in fire.The total smoke release,CO and CO_(2)production rate,and the smoke suppression performance was improved.At 800℃,the residual carbon rate of flame retardant Chinese fir increased by 160%after pyrolysis,and the thermal stability was improved.The methane torch quickly ignited the logs and burned violently.After 90 s of combustion,the surface lost its overall structure,while the flame retardant Chinese fir did not ignite within 90 s.