电动汽车火灾事故分析及防控对策探究

Analysis of electric vehicle fire accidents and exploration of fire protection measures

通过对电动汽车火灾事故进行统计分析,阐释了电动汽车火灾事故的发生机理,基于引发火灾事故的电池内部短路、电池外部短路、电池过充电或过放电3大因素,结合其蔓延快、危险大、灭火难、易复燃的特点,从电动汽车的生产、销售、使用、维护、回收5个环节提出了相应的防控措施,以期为电动汽车的安全防控与消防救援提供参考。

By conducting a statistical analysis of fire incidents involving electric vehicles,this article elucidates the mechanisms behind those occurrences,and proposes preventive and control measures over production,sales,usage,maintenance,and recycling of electric vehicles five aspects based on the three major factors that cause EV fires-internal battery short-circuiting,external battery short-circuiting,and overcharging or over-discharging of the battery,alongside the characteristics of those incidents such as rapid spread,high risk,difficulty in extinguishing,and susceptibility to reignition,aiming to offer insights for firefighting and rescue operations involving electric vehicles.