美国关键矿产供应链同盟构建战略研究——基于“友岸外包”视角

Research on the U.S.Strategy of Establishing a Critical Mineral Supply Chain Alliance:From the Perspective of"Friend-shoring"

文章采用文献分析法和案例分析法,对美国关键矿产“友岸外包”供应链国际同盟战略进行研究分析。基于美国关键矿产领域的对外依赖现状,分析了美国为保障关键矿产供应所采取的国内政策和国际战略;以矿产安全伙伴关系(MSP)为例,剖析了美国关键矿产供应链国际同盟战略的深层含义,详细列举了MSP的目标、原则、框架及成立以来的主要活动,揭示了MSP的政治化、强调价值观类似性,以及排他性和互补性共存的特点。研究发现,美国正通过此战略在全球范围内构建排除中国的关键矿产供应链同盟,旨在应对气候变化、地缘冲突及全球重大事件对供应链安全的影响。因此,我国应加强信息分析,正确认识“友岸外包”战略,加强国际合作,制定关键矿产战略,以保障在关键矿产供应链的优势地位和资源安全。

This paper employs the methods of literature analysis and case study to investigate and analyze the international alliance strategy of the"friend-shoring"supply chain of critical minerals in the United States.Based on the current situation of the U.S.'s external dependence in the field of critical minerals,the paper analyzes the domestic policies and international strategies adopted by the U.S.to ensure the supply of critical minerals.Taking the Minerals Security Partnership(MSP)as an example,the paper delves into the profound implications of the U.S.international alliance strategy for critical minerals supply chain,lists in detail the objectives,principles,framework,and main activities of MSP since its establishment,and reveals the characteristics of MSP,that is politicization,emphasis on the similarity of values,and the coexistence of exclusivity and complementarity.The study finds that the U.S.is constructing a global critical minerals supply chain alliance that excludes China globally through this strategy,aiming at addressing the shocks of climate change,geopolitical conflicts,and global major events towards the U.S.supply chain security.Therefore,to ensure a dominant position and resource security in the critical minerals supply chain,China should strengthen information analysis,correctly understand the"friend-shoring"strategy,enhance international cooperation,and formulate a critical minerals strategy.