青年父母资产建设对其教育期望和子女学业的影响--基于CFPS 2018的实证研究

The Impact of Asset Building among Young Parents on Their Educational Expectations and Children’s Academic Achievement Performance:An Empirical Study Based on CFPS 2018

当前青年父母已成为应对“一老一小”人口问题的中坚力量,但现实中他们的婚育意愿很大程度上受制于经济成本的压力。已有研究和政策实践表明,各国政府设置的旨在帮助家庭资产建设的公共政策能长期支持青年父母应对育儿成本压力,并且有助于家庭子女人力资本的可持续发展。本文运用2018年中国家庭追踪调查(CFPS)的数据分析得出,青年父母为子女教育进行的专门储蓄能够对子女的学业表现产生积极影响,而且父母对子女的教育期望在产生这种影响的过程中具有中介效应。因此,从资产建设政策理念出发思考我国人口生育政策的转型逻辑,在“双减”政策实施背景下推动家庭福利政策创新,需要重点关注青年父母这一关键群体,政府要积极推动家庭为本的资产建设政策和项目,如儿童发展账户制度,切实为青年父母提供制度性的育儿支持,进而增强青年人群的婚育意愿、促进我国人口长期均衡发展。

Currently,young parents have become the backbone of China’s response to the demographic problem of“one old and one young”.However,the reality is that their willingness to marry and raise children is to a large extent constrained by the pressure of the economic costs of marriage,childbearing,and children’s education.Research and policy practices have shown that public policies designed to help building family assets can assist young parents in coping with the cost of childcare over the long term and contribute to the sustainable development of the human capital of their children.Using data from CFPS 2018,this paper shows that savings made by young parents specifically for their children’s education can have a positive impact on their children’s academic performance,and that parental expectations about their children’s education mediate this impact.Therefore,when considering the logic of the transition of China’s population and fertility policy from the concept of asset-building policy,and thinking about how to promote the innovation of China’s family welfare policy in the context of the implementation of the“double-decrease”policy,we need to focus on the key group of young parents,and the government needs to actively promote the family-oriented asset-building policies and programs like CDA,and to provide institutional childcare and children’s education supports for young parents,so as to enhance the willingness of young people to marry and raise children,and promote the long-term balanced development of China’s population.