细菌根际黏附的界面作用机制研究

Mechanisms of interfacial interactions for bacterial adhesion in rhizosphere

界面作用是细菌在环境中黏附、定殖、形成生物膜和发挥生态功能的基础和前提,对植物吸收养分、病原微生物拮抗具有重要意义。微生物-植物根际相互作用研究大多数从生态学和分子生物学角度出发,应用多种组学手段研究根系分泌物对于根际微生物定殖数量、群落组成和生理功能的影响,忽略了细菌定殖过程中物理、化学的界面作用机制及其对黏附的贡献。本文从界面作用机制出发,探讨了不同类型根系分泌物对细菌表面性质、细菌胞外聚合物(EPS)分子组成以及黏附功能的调控作用;梳理了黏附过程中细菌-植物生物大分子相互作用的主要模式及其微观机制;归纳了根际定殖过程可视化研究方法和微生物-植物生物大分子相互作用的分析手段;提出了根际生物分子组成分析、黏附蛋白质功能预测、根际定殖原位观测方法等亟需加强的研究方向。

Interfacial reaction is the foundation and prerequisite for bacteria to adhere,colonize,form biofilms,and perform ecological functions in the environment.It is of great significance for plants to absorb nutrients and antagonize pathogenic microorganisms.Most studies on the microbe-plant rhizosphere interactions are conducted from the perspectives of ecology and molecular biology,using multi-omics methods to study the effects of root exudates on the quantity of colonization,the composition of community,and the physiological functions of rhizosphere microorganisms.However,the physical and chemical interfacial mechanisms involved in bacterial colonization and their contributions to adhesion have been ignored.This article reviewed the regulatory effects of different types of root exudates on the properties of bacterial surface,the molecular composition of extracellular polymeric substances(EPS),and the function of adhesion in term of the mechanisms of interfacial interactions.The main modes and micro mechanisms of the interaction between bacteria and plant bio-macromolecules during the process of adhesion were summarized.The visualization methods for studying the process of rhizosphere colonization and methods for analyzing the interaction between microorganisms and plant bio-macromolecules were discussed.The directions of studies that urgently need to be strengthened including analyzing the biomolecular composition of rhizosphere,predicting the function of adhesion protein,and the in situ methods for observing the colonization of rhizosphere were proposed.