《乐书》纸背明代所司细务揭帖的性质、特点及文本价值

Research on the Nature,Characteristics,and Value of Official Document“Jie tie”in the Ming Dynasty,on the Back of Yue Shu

公文纸本《乐书》纸背揭帖是最新发现的文书原件,内容集束于明成化九年南京仓场细务,属所司细务揭帖,据钤印不同,可分为朱印揭帖和无印揭帖两种,二者在发文者、流转地、功用、内容上多有差异,在南京仓场日常活动管理中承担着不同的角色。传世典籍中所司细务揭帖经后期删汰加工已失去原有的物质形态,内容零星而分散,多流转于中央衙署机关和省级机构,《乐书》纸背揭帖的发现可弥补其多项不足,它是能够反映基层机构运作的公牍实物,具有专于细务、文式简易、使用灵活、时效性强的特点,可实现明代公文在书式、文体、花押、印章、纸张与制度运作方面研究的新突破。在复原揭帖文式的基础上与唐、宋帖式进行对比,考察其来源可视为书式研究的新创获。

The official document“Jietie”on the back of Yue Shu is the latest discovery of the original documents.Its content focuses on the detailed affairs of the Nanjing warehouse in the 9th year of Chenghua in the Ming Dynasty and falls under the category of official Jietie for detailed affairs.This batch of Jietie can be divided into two types:Vermilion Seal Jietie and No Seal Jietie.These two types differ in the sender,transfer location,function,and content,playing different roles in the daily management activities of the Nanjing warehouse.Due to later deletions and processing in surviving Chinese classics,the official Jietie have lost their original material form,with scattered and sporadic content mostly transfering within central bureaucratic offices and provincial-level institutions.Jietie on the back of Yue Shu can make up for these shortcomings.It has the characteristics of specialising in detailed affairs,simple style,flexible use and strong timeliness.It is a kind of tangible official documents that can reflect the operation of grass-roots institutions,enabling the new breakthrough in the study of official documents in the Ming Dynasty in terms of format,style,huaya,seal,paper and system operation.On the basis of restoring Jietie format,in comparison with that of the Tang and Song dynasties,examination of its origin can be regarded as a new creation in the study of the writing form.