“以人为喻”的审美思想与“情”的审美细化——白居易文质观审美刍议

The Aesthetic Thought of“Using Human as Metaphor”and the Aesthetic Refinement of“Qing”——A Humble Opinion on Bai Juyi's Aesthetic View of“Wen-Zhi”

在白居易之前,中国古代的“文”“质”理论历经审美融合的演变发展,体现出“以人为喻”的审美特征。基于辩证统一的文质思想,白居易在文质观的发展与转向中对“以人为喻”的审美传统作了承继,并提出“气力”说与“粹灵”说,拓展出具有唐人以人论诗特征的审美理论,实现了对唐代审美才性论的理论总结。同时,白居易还将“文质”范畴中的“情”统筹细化为“情志”“情性”“情理”等审美概念,并进行相关的诗歌创作,使其具有理论探索与创作实践相结合的特点。考察白居易的文质观,对于白居易研究和中国古典诗学理论研究的深入与丰富均有重要的学术价值和意义。

Before Bai Juyi,the ancient Chinese theories of“Wen”“Zhi”had undergone the evolution and development of aesthetic integration,reflecting the aesthetic characteristics of“using people as metaphors”.Based on the idea of dialectical unity of“Wen-Zhi”,Bai Juyi has inherited the aesthetic tradition of“using human as metaphor”in the development and transformation of the concept of“Wen-Zhi”,and put forward the theory of“Qi-Li”and“Cui-Ling”,expanding the aesthetic theory with the characteristics of the Tang people's poetry based on people,and realizing the theoretical summary of the aesthetic talent theory of the Tang Dynasty.At the same time,Bai Juyi has also refined the“Qing”in the category of“Wen-Zhi”into aesthetic concepts such as“Qing-Zhi”,“Qing-Xing”and“Qing-Li”,and carried out related poetry creation,so that it has the characteristics of theoretical exploration and creative practice.The investigation of Bai Juyi's concept of“Wen-Zhi”has important academic value and significance for the in-depth and enrichment of Bai Juyi's research and the theoretical research of classical Chinese poetics.