为利益相关者创造价值——当前职业教育主要问题及其对策

To Create Value for Stakeholders——The Essential Problems and Countermeasures of Current Vocational Education

职业教育这一术语是综合、复杂甚至含混不清的,需要从理论、实践两个维度展开分析,使之更加容易理解。要将职业教育放在社会利益互动格局中,从利益相关者的视角来观察,系统地解决存在的问题。职业教育的利益相关者主要包括企业、地方政府、学生(及其家长)。职业教育要为利益相关者创造价值,更要让利益相关者直接感受到这些价值,一要培养更多决心到企业工作的学生,以增加企业参与的积极性;二要将本地生源与本地企业结合,学校与企业共同培养,使地方政府得到经济发展回报;三要为学生(及其家长)提供既有好的就业,又有升学渠道的培养项目。作为实证,研究了河北省的一个案例,并建议在普通高等教育领域改革、推进适应职业教育的高考改革、落实职业教育质量监管等方面进一步开展研究。

The term of vocational education is comprehensive,complex and even ambiguous.It needs to be analyzed from two dimensions of theory and practice to make it easier to understand.This paper proposes that vocational education should be placed in the pattern of social interest interaction,observed from the perspective of stakeholders,and systematically solve the existing problems.The stakeholders of vocational education mainly include enterprises,local governments,students(and their parents).Vocational education should create value for stakeholders,but also let stakeholders directly feel the value.Firstly,we should cultivate more students who are determined to work in enterprises to increase the enthusiasm of enterprises to participate.Secondly,we should combine local students with local enterprises,and the schools and enterprises should jointly cultivate students,so that local governments can receive economic development returns.Thirdly,it is necessary to provide students(and their parents)with cultivating programs that offer both good employment opportunities and avenues for further education.As an empirical study,this paper studies a case in Hebei Province.Further research is suggested in the field of general higher education reform,the promotion of College Entrance Examination reform adapted to vocational education,and the implementation of quality supervision of vocational education.