制度变迁理论视角下中国特色学徒制吸引力提升的逻辑依据、现实问题与优化策略

The Logical Basis,Practical Problems and Optimization Strategies for Enhancing the Attractiveness of Apprenticeship with Chinese Characteristic from the Perspective of Institutional Change Theory

中国特色学徒制是我国职业教育人才培养模式创新的重要成果,也是我国职业教育制度变迁的必然结果。中国特色学徒制目前处于起步阶段,吸引力提升是推动其健康发展的重要抓手。在制度变迁理论框架内,人才强国战略是中国特色学徒制吸引力提升的逻辑起点,主体信念变迁是中国特色学徒制吸引力提升的内在机制,发展环境变迁是中国特色学徒制吸引力提升的动力。正式制度建设滞后、非正式制度约束和过度路径依赖等问题严重影响了中国特色学徒制的健康发展。因此,中国特色学徒制吸引力的提升需要通过加强正式制度建设,提高正式制度对中国特色学徒制的支撑度;创新中国特色学徒制的话语体系,营造中国特色学徒制发展的良好社会氛围;打破拿来式职业教育改革的路径依赖,创新中国特色学徒制内生式的改革范式等维度来实现。

The apprenticeship with Chinese characteristics is an important achievement in the innovation of talent cultivation models in China's vocational education,and it is also an inevitable result of the transformation of China's vocational education system.The apprenticeship with Chinese characteristics is currently in its early stages,and enhancing its attractiveness is an important lever to promote its healthy development.Within the framework of institutional change theory,the strategy of building a strong country through talent is the logical starting point for enhancing the attractiveness of apprenticeship with Chinese characteristics.The change in subject beliefs is the internal mechanism for enhancing the attractiveness of apprenticeship with Chinese characteristics,and the change in development environment is the driving force for enhancing the attractiveness of apprenticeship with Chinese characteristics.The lag in formal institutional construction,informal institutional constraints,and excessive path dependence have seriously affected the healthy development of the apprenticeship with Chinese characteristics.Therefore,the enhancement of the attractiveness of the apprenticeship with Chinese characteristics needs to be achieved by strengthening the construction of formal systems and increasing the support of formal systems for the apprenticeship with Chinese characteristics;Innovate the discourse system of apprenticeship with Chinese characteristics and create a favorable social atmosphere for the development of apprenticeship with Chinese characteristics;To break the path dependence of the reform of vocational education through the use of traditional methods,and to innovate the internal reform paradigm of the apprenticeship with Chinese characteristics.