面向月面原位制造/建造的月壤成型利用技术综述

In-situ Manufacturing and Utilization of Lunar Regolith for Fabrication/Construction on the Lunar Surface:A Review

月面资源原位利用技术对于我国月球探测任务的长期可持续发展具有重要意义,其中月面原位建造技术是月球基地建设和运维的支撑性技术,以月壤为原料的增材制造技术有望在未来月面原位建造/制造任务中发挥重要作用。本文针对国内外主要的月壤原位成型利用技术进行了详细调研及分类汇总,介绍了月表环境及月壤特性,从月面环境约束、月壤材料特性及工程实际需求出发,按照是否需要额外添加剂将月壤成型技术分为直接成型利用和间接成型利用两类技术,分别从技术原理、预处理方法、添加物种类、工艺条件、设备类型、成型速度、成型精度、能耗及后处理方法等方面阐述了相关技术及其优缺点,并且从未来月球探测任务中月面原位制造/建造的需求出发,结合各项技术的特点及不同的应用场景,提出了月壤原位成型利用技术的发展前景及应用建议。

The utilization of lunar resources is crucial for China's long-term sustainable development in lunar exploration missions.In-situ lunar surface construction technology supports the establishment,operation,and maintenance of lunar bases.Additive manufacturing using lunar soil as raw material will play a vital role in future on-site construction and manufacturing on the moon.Two types of lunar soil forming technologies are distinguished:direct molding and utilization,as well as indirect molding and utilization.These technologies differ in technical principles,pretreatment methods,additives used,process conditions,equipment types,molding speed achieved,and molding accuracy attained.The advantages and disadvantages of these technologies are discussed considering energy consumption levels and post-processing methods.Furthermore,the prospects for developing in-situ formation and utilization technology using lunar soil are proposed based on future fabrication/construction needs during upcoming lunar exploration missions.