镀锌废酸液溶剂萃取分离与资源化回收锌铁的研究进展

Research progress in separation and resource recovery of zinc and iron from spent galvanizing acid solution by solvent extraction

镀锌废酸液含有高浓度亚铁盐、锌盐和残余酸,同时具有酸性强、腐蚀性强以及不易处理等特点。若对镀锌废酸液不能进行有效处理并直接排放,将对周围环境造成显著破坏,并导致严重的资源浪费。溶剂萃取法是一种极具应用潜力的镀锌废酸液处理方法,具有高选择性、多功能性和产品纯度高的特点,特别是在处理含锌离子废液方面具有显著优势。本文全面总结了不同酸碱萃取剂条件下处理镀锌废酸液的萃取机理及影响因素,并对镀锌废酸液中高附加值成分的回收进行了系统阐述。此外,总结了溶剂萃取法资源化回收镀锌废酸液的发展现状,并展望了锌、铁高效分离与回收的未来研究方向,为相关技术产业化提供重要的理论依据,并促进镀锌废酸液的可持续处理与资源化利用。

The spent galvanizing waste acid solution,which contains high concentration of ferrous salt,zinc salt and residual acid,has the characteristics of strong acidity,strong corrosiveness and difficult treatment.If the spent galvanizing waste acid solution cannot be effectively treated and directly discharged,it will cause significant damage to the surrounding environment and lead to serious resource waste.Solvent extraction is a potential treatment method for spent galvanizing waste acid,which has the characteristics of high selectivity,versatility and high product purity,especially in the treatment of waste liquid containing zinc ions.In this review,the extraction mechanism and influencing factors of treating spent galvanizing waste acid solution were comprehensively summarized under different acid-base extractant conditions,and the recovery of high value-added components from spent galvanizing waste acid solution was systematically expounded.Additionally,the development status of recycling spent galvanizing waste acid solution by solvent extraction was summarized,and the future research directions of efficient separation and recovery of zinc and iron were prospected.This review will provide important theoretical basis for the industrialization of related technologies,and promote the sustainable treatment and resource utilization of spent galvanizing waste acids.