浮选过程中矿物界面水化特性的研究进展

Research process of mineral interface hydration properties in flotation process

水分子在矿物表面的吸附会影响矿物表面物理化学性质,降低浮选过程中捕收剂的性能,增加目的矿物和脉石矿物的分离难度。矿物表面的水化作用是水分子受到氢键、范德华等弱相互作用在矿物表面形成的具有一定结构的水分子层。本文综述了矿物界面水分子及水化层的测试表征方法,分析了硅酸盐矿(包括伊利石、蒙脱石、云母等)和硫化矿(方铅矿、黄铁矿等)界面的水化机制,讨论了矿物界面水化层的调控方法,为研究界面水化特性、提高矿物−水体系下药剂的作用效率及矿物高效浮选分离提供参考。

The adsorption of water molecules on the mineral surface affects the physicochemical properties of the mineral surface,reduces the selectivity of the trap in the flotation process,and increases the difficulty of separating the target minerals from the vein minerals.The hydration of the mineral surface is the water molecules by hydrogen bonding,van der Waals,and other weak interactions on the mineral surface to form a water molecule layer with a certain structure.In this paper,we review the testing and characterization methods of water molecules and hydration layer at the mineral interface,analyze the hydration mechanism at the interface of silicate ores(including illite,montmorillonite,mica,etc.)and sulfide ores(galena,pyrite,etc.),and summarize the regulation methods of hydration layer at the mineral interface,to provide references for the in-depth study of the hydration characteristics of mineral interfaces,to improve the selectivity of the agents under the mineral-water system,and to achieve the high-efficiency flotation separation of minerals.