3D打印成型技术的发展

The Development of 3D Printing and Forming Technology

文章对自19世纪末起3D打印的发展历程进行了总结与回顾,阐明了3D打印的定义及其相较于传统制造方式所具有的优势.依照不同的成型原理,将国际标准ISO/ASTM 52900—2015规定的7种3D打印成型方式所对应的成型工艺归纳为粘结成型技术、光聚合成型技术和熔融物料成型技术3个技术类别.总结了3个技术类别中不同工艺自提出到问世的关键发明与时间节点,对各工艺所采用的原料类型、成型的具体过程、工艺特点、成型件的优势与不足、产品的应用场景进行了叙述.最后,列举了我国3D打印领域发展的一些关键成果,并在现有的技术基础上,从开发更加多样化的3D打印工艺、研发新的3D打印材料以及扩宽3D打印技术的应用领域3个方面对3D打印未来的研究重点进行展望.

3D printing is based on the idea of discrete stacking,which can directly manufacture the required products in a layer by layer stacking manner,and is currently a hot research topic both domestically and internationally.This article reviews the development process of 3D printing and categorizes 3D printing forming technology into bonding forming technology,photopolymerization forming technology,and molten material forming technology according to different forming principles.A comprehensive exposition was given on the different processes involved in the three types of technologies mentioned above,as well as the development process,forming principles,and characteristics of each process.The development status of 3D printing technology was discussed.