海峡海域海洋环境噪声三维空间特性分析

Analysis of three-dimensional spatial characteristics of ocean ambient noise in strait waters

研究了与其他海底海域有显著差异的海峡海域的环境噪声特性。假设海洋环境噪声源均匀分布于接收阵上方海面的圆形范围内,利用考虑声线水平折射的3D射线声传播理论,仿真计算了V字型海峡地形下环境噪声的高频与低频特性,分析了不同方位角内海洋环境噪声空间特性。研究发现,海峡海底会影响水平方向的声传播过程,使声能量在一定程度上会聚。当接收阵位于海峡海底正上方位置时,来自海面的噪声随着接收深度的增加向海峡中心位置会聚,并且在某些深度形成水平会聚区。对于由海面噪声源辐射到达声道轴深度的声能量,海峡的存在使声能量沿海峡传播时不会从海峡内部泄漏,而声能量跨越海峡传播时其损失也较小。

The characteristics of ocean ambient noise in the strait waters are analyzed,which exhibit significant differences compared to those in other seabed waters.This study assumes that the sources of ocean ambient noise are uniformly distributed within a circular area on the sea surface above the receiving array.By employing a 3D ray sound propagation theory that considers horizontal refraction of sound rays,the high-frequency and low-frequency characteristics of ocean ambient noise in the V-shaped strait topography are simulated and calculated.The spatial characteristics of ocean ambient noise at different azimuth angles are analyzed.The research findings indicate that the presence of straits influences the horizontal sound propagation process,leading to a certain degree of convergence effect on sound energy.When the receiving array is positioned directly above the strait seabed,noise from the sea surface converges towards the center of the strait as the receiving depth increases,forming horizontal convergence zones at specific depths.Regarding the sound energy emitted from surface noise sources to the depth of the sound channel axis,the presence of the strait prevents the sound energy from leakage within the strait when it propagates along the strait.Furthermore,when sound energy traverses across the strait,the energy loss remains minimal.