催收非法债务罪的法教义学分析

A Legal and Doctrinal Analysis of the Crime of Collecting Illegal Debts

催收非法债务罪的保护法益具有复合性,主要法益为公共法益,次要法益为个人法益。本罪“非法债务”主要指违反法律禁止性规定所产生的债务;催收行为中暴力手段无须达到压制被害人反抗的程度,而软暴力手段须对被害人形成心理强制;罪量要素的认定需结合本罪保护法益及具体行为方式综合判定;主观责任要素包含故意的罪过形式及索债的主观目的。在处理本罪与相关人身犯罪的关系时应适用法条竞合原则,而在处理与寻衅滋事罪的关系时,应保持两罪在定性评价上的对立态势。

The protection of legal interests in the crime of collecting illegal debts has a compound nature,with the main legal interests being public legal interests and the secondary legal interests being personal legal interests.The“illegal debt”in this crime mainly refers to the debt generated in violation of the prohibitive provisions of the law.In the collection behavior,violent means do not need to reach the level of suppressing the victim’s resistance,while soft violence means must form psychological coercion on the victim.The determination of the elements of criminal quantity should be comprehensively judged in conjunction with the protection of legal interests and specific behavior methods of this crime.The subjective responsibility elements include the intentional form of guilt and the subjective purpose of debt collection.When dealing with the relationship between this crime and related personal offenses,the principle of overlapping legal provisions should be applied,and when dealing with the relationship with the crime of provocation and disturbance,the opposition between the two crimes in qualitative evaluation should be maintained.