数据权利分配模式探析与突破路径

Analysis and Breakthrough Path of Data Rights Allocation Model

数据权利包括哪些、应当归属于谁,是数字经济不断发展下无法回避的问题。学者基于不同的数据内涵提出了“个人所有”“企业所有”“个人与企业共有”及“政府所有”这四种不同分配模式,虽已经涵盖目前可以取得数据权属的全部主体,但却在分配时出现将数据权属局限于单一主体、产生数据权利义务不对等、影响数据的安全保护等一系列问题。因此,要结合数据的范围及人格属性与财产属性对数据权的内涵与边界进行明确,分析解读现有四种分配模式的优劣,找寻较佳的数据权利分配路径。

What data rights include and who should belong to are unavoidable issues in the continuous development of the digital economy.Scholars have proposed four different allocation models based on different data connotations:“personal ownership”“enterprise ownership”“co ownership between individuals and enterprises”and“government ownership”.Although they already cover all the entities that can currently obtain data rights,a series of problems such as limiting data rights to a single entity,unequal data rights and obligations,and affecting data security protection have arisen during allocation.Therefore,it is necessary to clarify the connotation and boundaries of data rights by combining the scope of data,personality attributes,and property attributes,analyze and interpret the advantages and disadvantages of the existing four distribution models,and find the best path for data rights distribution.