适宜湘南地区三熟制种植的水稻和油菜品种筛选

Screening of Rice and Rapeseed Varieties Suitable for Triple Cropping System in Southern Hunan

为筛选出适合湘南地区“油—稻—稻”三熟制的水稻和油菜品种,以2个早熟早稻品种(中早39、株两优819)、8个优质晚稻品种(盛泰优9712、瑞两优1053、泰优398、桃优919、桃优香占、泰优390、隆晶优1号、五优蒂占)、6个早熟油菜品种(湘油420、阳光131、沣油112、湘油228、常早熟1号、常早熟2号)为材料,于2022年在湖南衡阳开展品种筛选试验。结果表明:早稻季,中早39的生育期为113 d,产量为7.98 t/hm^(2);株两优819生育期为112 d,产量为8.42 t/hm^(2),较中早39高5.51%,且差异显著。晚稻季,桃优919、桃优香占、泰优390、隆晶优1号、五优蒂占的生育期均长于112 d,不适合用于“油—稻—稻”三熟制种植;盛泰优9712、瑞两优1053、泰优398的全生育期分别为108、106、105 d,产量均超过7.04 t/hm^(2)。油菜品种沣油112生育期最长,5月1日成熟,产量较低;湘油420熟期最早,4月22日成熟,产量最低,显著低于其他品种;阳光131产量最高,显著高于其他品种,但生育期较长,4月29日成熟,作为三熟制搭配品种具有一定风险;湘油228、常早熟1号、常早熟2号可在4月26日之前成熟,产量高于1.80 t/hm^(2),均显著高于湘油420和沣油112。综上,湘南地区适宜于“油—稻—稻”三熟制种植的早稻品种为株两优819,晚稻品种为盛泰优9712、瑞两优1053和泰优398,油菜品种为湘油228、常早熟1号和常早熟2号,在早、晚稻育秧移栽和油菜撒直播条件下,水稻和油菜生育期搭配适宜,且产量较高,适宜推广。

In order to select rice and rape varieties suitable for“oil-rice-rice”triple cropping system in Southern Hunan.Using 2 early-maturing early rice varieties(Zhongzao 39,Zhuliangyou 819),8 high-quality late rice varieties(Shengtaiyou 9712,Ruiliangyou 1053,Taiyou 398,Taoyou 919,Taoyou Xiangzhan,Taiyou 390,Longjingyou No.1,Wuyou Tizhan)and 6 early-maturing rape varieties(Xiangyou 420,Yangguang 131,Fengyou 112,Xiangyou 228,Changzaoshu No.1 and Changzaoshu No.2),a variety screening experiment was carried out in Hengyang,Hunan Province in 2022.The results showed that in the early rice season,the growth period of Zhongzao 39 was 113 d and the yield was 7.98 t/hm^(2).The growth period of Zhuliangyou 819 was 112 d and the yield was 8.42 t/hm^(2),which was 5.51% higher than that of Zhongzao 39,and the difference was significant.In late rice season,the growth periods of Taoyou 919,Taoyou Xiangzhan,Taiyou 390,Longjingyou NO.1 and Wuyou Tizhan were all longer than 112 d,which were not suitable to be used as“oil-rice-rice”triple cropping varieties,and the whole growth periods of Shengtaiyou 9712,Ruiliangyou 1053 and Taiyou 398 were 108 d,106 d and 105 d,respectively,and their yields exceeded 7.04 t/hm^(2).The rape variety Qianyou 112 has the longest growth period and matures on May 1st,and its yield is lower.Xiangyou 420 has the earliest ripening stage and matures on April 22nd,and its yield is the lowest,which is significantly lower than that of other varieties.Yangguang 131 has the highest yield,which is significantly higher than other varieties,but it has a long growth period and matured on April 29th,so it has a certain risk as a triple cropping system.Xiangyou 228,Changzaoshu No.1 and Changzaoshu No.2 could mature before April 26th,and their yield was higher than that of 1.80 t/hm^(2)and significantly higher than that of Xiangyou 420 and Changyou 112.To sum up,the early rice varieties suitable for“oil-rice-rice”triple cropping system are Zhuliangyou 819,the late rice varieties are Shengtaiyou 9712,Ruiliangyou 1053 and Taiyou 398,and the rape varieties are Xiangyou 228,Changzaoshu No.1 and Changzaoshu No.2.under the conditions of transplanting of early and late rice seedlings and direct seeding of rape,the growth period of rice and rape is suitable,and the yield is higher,so it is suitable to popularize.