城市紧凑度对城市公共服务设施空间可达性的影响

The Impact of Urban Compactness on the Spatial Accessibility of Urban Public Service Facilities

高品质公共服务设施体系的建设是打造宜居城市的基础性工程,可达性已经成为我国基本公共服务供给侧结构性改革的两大目标取向之一。目前我国城市发展中存在城市紧凑程度恶化与公共服务设施空间可达性状况不佳并存的局面,从城市空间形态这一重要城市整体特性视角研究城市公共服务设施可达性对于优化城市公共服务设施空间布局具有重要意义。以中国地级及以上城市的三类主要公共服务设施为考察对象,量化测度城市公共服务设施空间可达性,在此基础上实证分析城市紧凑度对城市公共服务设施空间可达性的影响,以及对不同类型设施的异质性影响,并检验公共服务设施规模分布和地方财政自主权对上述影响过程的调节效应。实证结果表明,城市紧凑度对城市公共服务设施可达性的影响呈现“U”型,目前多数城市处于U型曲线的上升阶段,高财政自主权强化了紧凑城市建设对于公共服务设施的挤出效应,而设施规模越分散,城市紧凑度对公共服务设施空间可达性的几何正向影响效果越弱。

Since the construction of a high-quality public service facilities(PSF)system is the basic project of building a livable city,its accessibility has become one of the two major goals of the supply-side structural reform of basic public services in China.At present,China’s cities are facing the coexisting problems of urban compactness deterioration and poor spatial accessibility of PSF,thus it is of great significance to study the accessibility of urban PSF from the holistic urban perspective and urban spatial form to optimize the spatial layout of urban PSF.Taking three major public service facilities of prefecture-level and above cities in China as research objects,the present paper quantitatively measures the spatial accessibility of urban PSF,and then empirically analyzes the total impact of urban compactness on the spatial accessibility of urban PSF and the heterogeneous impact on different types of PSF.Meanwhile,the moderating effects of facility size distribution and local fiscal autonomy of the above impacting process are also examined.The empirical results show that the impact of urban compactness on the accessibility of urban PSF presents a“U”shape,and most cities are currently in the rising stage of the“U”shape.Besides,the high fiscal autonomy strengthens the crowding out effect of compact urban construction on PSF;the more dispersed the scale of facilities are,the weaker the geometric positive impact of urban compactness is on the spatial accessibility of PSF.