当代文论的五个悖论——兼及“没有文学的文学理论”

Five Paradoxes in Contemporary Literary Theory and the Proposition“Literary Theory without Literature”

随着生态危机和人工智能挑战的不断加剧,当代文艺审美活动的悖论性处境日益凸显,将悖论美学、悖论诗学和悖论批评推到了前台,强化了文学理论在“述”与“行”、“硬”与“软”、“质”与“文”、“向心”与“离心”、“域化”与“化域”之间的“悖论式振摆”。这种局面不仅显示了当代理论的“疑难与困境”,也使悖论本身的美学和诗学价值得到“解蔽”和释放,从而使悖论成为一种文学理论批评的新型样态。“没有文学的文学理论”是近年来有关文学问题的重要命题,其“含混”和“暧昧”不仅将当代文论的悖论性质全面体现出来,而且通过发挥悖论诗学的理论潜能和批判锋芒而对当下文艺文化现象做出了深入的反思和针砭。这是一种“可做的”理论而非一套“可用的”学说,其“洞见”和“盲视”当会在人们“做理论”的批评实践中得到彰显和检验。

As the ecological crisis and artificial intelligence pose increasing challenges,the paradoxical nature of contemporary literary aesthetic activities is becoming more pronounced.As a result,paradox aesthetics,paradox poetics,and paradox criticism have been forced to the forefront,reinforcing the“paradoxical oscillation”of literary theory between“saying”and“doing”,“hardness”and“softness”,“content”and“form”,“centripetal interpretation”and“centrifugal interpretation”,as well as“territorialization”and“deterritorialization”.This situation not only highlights the“difficulties and dilemmas”of contemporary theory,but also unveils and releases the aesthetic and poetic value of paradox itself,thus making paradox a new form of literary theoretical criticism.“Literary Theory without Literature”is a significant proposition in literary criticism of recent years.With its“ambiguity”,this proposition fully embodies the paradoxical nature of contemporary literary theory,while deeply reflecting and criticizing current literary and cultural phenomena by harnessing the theoretical potential and critical edge of paradox poetics.It is safe to say this proposition is a theory rather than a doctrine,whose“insight”will be revealed and tested in“theory”.