社会发展视域下的“国家—社会”关系研究变迁——以对非营利领域的考察为中心

Changes of Research on State-society Relationship from the Perspective of Social Development:Focusing on Study of Non-profit Sector

既往国内非营利研究主要以社会组织反映社会,开展“国家—社会”关系研究并取得了诸多进展,但这一思路愈加面临对现实的阐释困境。在中国式现代化进程以及民间驱动力的持续下,社会形态呈现了从简单到立体再到广泛参与的三种发展阶段。在这一过程中,公益领域以其公共利益目标吸引了最广泛的社会主体参与,生长出多元社会主体的丰富实践与广泛关系,成为推动社会发展的规模庞大的先锋力量。互联网公益的兴起将这一趋势推向高潮。以社会组织反映社会的既往研究思路,已经难以阐释主体更加多元、构型更加立体、联系更加普遍的当下社会状况。推动“国家—社会”关系研究向“以社会公益反映社会”的思路转变,对于准确、深入阐释当下“国家—社会”关系状况具有必要性。研究思路的转变并不是对既往思路的否定,而是对既往思路的时代调适和有力发展。

In the past,China’s domestic research on the non-profit sector was mainly based on the idea that social organizations reflect the society,and has made a lot of progress in study of the state-society relationship.But this idea is increasingly challenged by the difficulty of explaining the reality.Due to the process of Chinese modernization and the continuous driving force of the folk society,China’s social form has experienced three stages of development from simple to three-dimensional and then to extensive participation.In this process,the public welfare sector has attracted the widest range of social subjects to participate in its public interest goals,and has generated abundant practices of diverse social subjects and extensive relationships;it has become a huge vanguard force in promoting social development.This trend is pushed to a new height by the rise of Internet public welfare.The former research idea that social organizations reflect the society can hardly explain the current social situation in which the subject is more diverse,the configuration is more three-dimensional,and the connection is more universal.It is necessary to promote the research of state-society relationship to adopt the idea that social public welfare reflects the society for accurate and in-depth interpretation of the current state-society relationship.The change of research ideas is not a negation of the previous idea,but an adaptation of it to the times and a powerful development.