基本飞行中战斗机飞行员对座舱智能化的使用需求

Demand of fighter pilots for use of artificial intelligence in basic flight stage

目的通过调查战斗机飞行员的操作要求、认知特点和使用习惯等,提出基本飞行阶段飞行员对座舱智能化使用需求的具体条目及优先级,提高飞机智能化水平。方法编制《基本飞行阶段飞机座舱智能化使用需求调查表》,随机抽取296名男性飞行员进行调查,要求其回忆各项任务中需要人工观察、判断和计算的信息,在对信息进行分析汇总的基础上提出新型战斗机座舱智能化人机工效设计相关的意见/建议。结果共收集到各类意见/建议3182条,其中座舱智能化意见/建议共计2997条,占比94.19%;从2997条智能化意见/建议中提炼出智能化使用需求条目共计52个,其中受飞行员重点关注的条目共计34个;自动驾驶、智能语音(含告警)、智能避撞和语音操控等4个条目,在起飞前准备、滑出/起飞、进场/着陆、导航和巡航5个任务阶段均被飞行员重点关注,说明飞行员迫切需要将这4个条目的功能实现智能化。结论调查结果可为优化战斗机座舱控制界面的人-机适配性设计、科学合理地增强未来新型战斗机座舱的智能化水平及降低飞行员的工作负荷提供重要参考。

Objective To bring more artificial intelligence into the design of fighter cockpits based on the pilot-centered concept and by finding out about the specific requirements on the part of fighter pilots.Methods A targeted"Questionnaire on the Intelligent Use of Aircraft Cockpits in the Basic Flight Stage"was designed for a survey.Two hundred and ninety-six male pilots were randomly selected as respondents who were required to recall what they needed to manually observe,judge,and calculate in various flight tasks.The results of the survey were analyzed and expert opinions were solicited before the intelligent design of a new fighter cockpit was proposed.Results A total of 3182 suggestions were collected,2997 of which were related to intelligentization of the cockpit,accounting for 94.19%.A total of 52 requirements on AI of the cockpit were identified,34 of which were prioritized by pilots.In particular,there were four items that pilots attached importance to in all the five task stages,namely autonomous driving,intelligent voice(including warnings),intelligent collision avoidance,and voice control.Conclusion The survey results mentioned in this article can provide important reference for optimizing the human-machine adaptability design of control interfaces of fighter cockpits,enhancing the intelligence level of future new fighter cockpits,and reducing the workload of pilots.