萤石矿床成因研究方法及发展趋势

Review on the Progress of Genetic Research Methods of Fluorite Deposits

萤石是重要的战略性非金属矿产,深化其成因理论的研究至关重要。笔者对萤石矿床成因研究方法的进展进行综述,以期促进国内萤石矿床成因的深入研究,助力新一轮找矿突破战略行动。在对全球和中国的萤石矿床分布特征和成因类型进行归纳总结的基础上,重点从流体包裹体、成矿流体和物质来源、成矿年代学等方面综述了目前的主要研究现状和进展。总结了萤石的流体包裹体组合和单个流体包裹体原位成分分析技术,探讨了H-O-Sr-Ca-Nd同位素示踪物源,讨论了原位微量稀土元素对成矿过程的精细刻画等。笔者认为应该重点使用原位分析技术对流体包裹体和萤石成分进行测试,以便更精细的刻画成矿流体组分的演化过程。萤石Lu-Hf、U-Pb、Sm-Nd、(U-Th)/He和裂变径迹年代学不仅对精确获得含萤石的矿床成矿年龄至关重要,而且在矿产勘查中对矿床抬升剥蚀的正确认识也十分有必要。

Fluorite is a strategically important nonmetallic mineral,the research on its genesis is of significant importance.This paper reviews the progress of genetic research methods in order to promote the in-depth study of the genesis of domestic fluorite deposits and make a contribution to a new round of prospecting breakthrough strategy.The distribution characteristics and genetic types of fluorite deposits worldwide and in China are sum-marized.Furthermore,the current status and progress of the main research methods in fluid inclusions,ore-form-ing fluids and material sources,and ore-forming geochronology are reviewed.The fluid inclusion assemblage and in-situ composition techniques of single fluid inclusion of fluorite are summarized,and the source of H-O-Sr-Ca-Nd isotope tracer and the fine reflection of in-situ trace rare earth elements on the mineralization process are discussed.The author proposes that the in-situ analysis technique should be employed to test the fluid inclusions and fluorite components,thereby enabling a more accurate description of the evolution process of ore-forming fluid components.The application of Lu-Hf,U-Pb,Sm-Nd,(U-Th)/He and fission track geochronology of fluo-rite is not only important for the accurate determination of the ore-forming age of fluorite-bearing deposits,but also necessary for the correct interpretation of deposit uplift and denudation in ore-forming exploration.