否定论视角下人工智能法律主体地位的思辨与规则构想

The Speculation of the Legal Status of AI Subject from the Perspective of Negative Theory with the Rule Idea

近年来,人工智能技术高歌猛进。“强人工智能”在拥有自我编程与系统升级能力的同时,也给社会大众带来了何为人、何为物的哲学省思。不少学者基于人工智能的强大功能主张肯定人工智能的法律主体地位,并赋予其相应的权利、义务甚至责任能力,引发社会忧虑。实际上,法律调整的是因人的意志和行为而发生的法律关系。这种法律关系本质上是人与人之间及人与社会之间的社会关系,无论从人工智能技术的运作抑或是法理学视角下人工智能权利、义务与法律责任承担来看,其都不具有成为法律关系的主体资格。因此,应当对人工智能的法律主体地位予以否定,并从客体论视角下完成涉人工智能法律规则的构想。

Artificial intelligence technology has made great progress in recent years.While augmenting AI with self-programming and system upgrading capabilities,it also brings to the masses philosophical reflections on what is human and what is material.Based on the powerful functions of AI,numerous scholars have advocated for affirming AI as a legal agent and giving them corresponding rights,obligations,and even responsibilities,causing social concern.In fact,the legal adjustment is due to the will and behavior of the legal relationship between people and the social relationship between people and society,no matter from the operation of artificial intelligence technology or artificial intelligence under jurisprudence perspective of rights and obligations and legal responsibility,artificial intelligence does not become the main body of the legal relationship,should be denied to the legal subject status of artificial intelligence,and from the perspective of object to complete the concept of artificial intelligence legal rules.