虚拟实践何以成为检验真理的标准

Why Virtual Practice Has Become the Criterion for Testing Truth

数字智能时代新出现的虚拟实践,给马克思主义实践观、认识论提出了新的时代课题。根据马克思主义的观点,实践是检验认识真理性的唯一标准,任何认识都应当通过产生这种认识和由这种认识指导的客观性实践或逻辑证明来证实或证伪。然而,学界有观点认为虚拟实践可以提高人们的认知能力和认识水平,却不能检验认识是否具有真理性,这对马克思主义实践观和以实践为基础的认识论的科学性都带来了一定挑战。事实上,虚拟实践在本质上是人的现实实践在虚拟世界的延伸,它作为一种实践活动也可以检验认识的真理性,具体而言主要通过三种方式检验:通过模拟现实世界中实际发生的事件或行为对认识进行检验,通过虚拟实验对科学上的各种假说进行检验,通过在虚拟情景中运用逻辑证明方法来检验。虚拟实践的出现确实丰富了检验认识真理性的方式、内容以及主体的思维方式,但并没有否证马克思主义科学的认识论命题,马克思主义关于“实践是检验真理的唯一标准”的论断并没有过时。

In the digital intelligence era,the emergence of virtual practice has introduced a new topic for the Marxist viewpoint of practice and epistemology.According to Marxism,practice is the sole criterion for testing the truth of knowledge,and any knowledge should be confirmed or falsified through objective practice or logical proof that produces such knowledge.However,some scholars argue that virtual practice as a new form of practice can enhance people's cognitive ability and level of understanding,but cannot test whether this understanding is truthful.In fact,virtual practice is essentially an extension of human real practice in the virtual world,and as a practical activity,it does not challenge Marxism's assertion that“practice is the sole criterion for testing truth”,and it can also verify the correctness of knowledge.Virtual practice can test knowledge in three ways:by simulating actual events or behaviors in the real world;by testing various hypotheses in science through virtual experiments;and by using logical proof in virtual situations.In other words,virtual practice has not altered the epistemological proposition of Marxism,but its appearance has indeed enriched the methods,content,and modes of thinking used to test truth.The Marxist assertion that“practice is the sole criterion for testing truth”remains relevant.