轨道交通自主化安全保障系统及架构

Railway Autonomous Safety Assurance System and Architecture

本文构建轨道交通自主化安全保障系统(RASAS),该系统能够实现对轨道交通领域“人-机-环境-管理”各类风险因素的全息泛在感知、智能精准辨识、预测性精准研判、主动精细化运维、高效应急处置和性能测试评估;系统发展目标是转型至无人/少人参与的高自主化安全等级模式,力求达到零事故死亡率、零重大事故和零系统宕机时间的总体目标;系统架构围绕列车本体安全、列车运行环境安全、列车运行安全、列车群调度安全以及验证与确认的5层系统功能架构,遵循16项系统基本原则,构建包括关键核心技术层(风险感知、评估预警、安全决策、性能测评)和基础共性技术层(如人工智能算法、数字孪生等)系统技术体系,并规划了从经验响应型到完全自主安全5个等级的系统演进路径;RASAS的提出和建设进一步推动全球轨道交通行业向更加智能化、安全化方向发展。

The paper constructs a Railway Autonomous Safety Assurance System(RASAS),which is capable of achieving holistic and ubiquitous perception,intelligent precision identification,predictive accurate analysis,proactive refined operation and maintenance,efficient emergency response,and performance testing and evaluation for all types of risk factors of"human-machine-environment-management"in the railway.The system's development goal is to transition towards a highly autonomous safety level with minimal or no human involvement,aiming at the overarching objective of zero fatalities due to accidents,zero major incidents,and zero system downtime.The system functional architecture is a five-tier structure constructed around train intrinsic safety,train operational environment safety,train operation safety,train fleet scheduling safety,and verification and validation.This architecture adheres to sixteen fundamental system principles,forming a systematic technological framework that includes both critical core technologies(such as risk perception,evaluation and warning,safety decision-making,and performance assessment)and foundational common technologies(like artificial intelligence and digital twinning).Moreover,this paper outlines a developmental path for the system ranging from experience-based responsive models to fully autonomous safety levels.The proposal and implementation of RASAS provide a strategic roadmap for the advances of railway safety assurance technology in China.The realization of this system further drives the global transportation industry towards increased intelligence and enhance safety.