基于环境因子的中国土栖性白蚁地理分布区划分析

Analysis of the geographic distribution zoning of soil-dwelling termites in China based on environmental factors

【目的】对中国土栖性白蚁地理分布进行准确区划将对我国土栖性白蚁危害的精准防治具有重要指导价值。本研究旨在通过利用数学模型,结合影响土栖性白蚁分布的环境因子,探析中国土栖性白蚁地理分布区划。【方法】遴选影响白蚁分布的温度、降水量、湿度、土壤pH值等环境因子,利用迭代局部搜索算法(iterative local search, ILS)创建中国土栖性白蚁区划模型。【结果】ILS区划模型分区结果与实际的土栖性白蚁分布较为符合,将我国土栖性白蚁密度依次从南至北分为高密度区(D3)、中密度区(D2)和低密度区(D1)。D3最北分界线,东起江苏南京,经安徽芜湖、湖北麻城和沙市、贵州凤岗、四川宜宾,西至云南香格里拉。其北界线基本上沿长江中下游。D2最北分界线,东起江苏盐城,经安徽阜阳、河南驻马店、陕西商州、甘肃成县,西至四川廉定。其北界线东部大致沿淮河形成最后端凸起的曲线。D1最北分界线,东起山东东营,经河北邯郸、山西长治、甘肃华亭和合作、青海玉树,西至西藏日喀则,其北界线基本上沿黄河下游北上,形成一条中间凸起的曲线。【结论】我国土栖性白蚁地理分布已跨过黄河,总体密度呈南多北少和东多西少的特点,从南到北大体以长江、淮河、黄河等自然地理分界划分为高、中、低3个密度区。

【Aim】Accurately zoning the geographic distribution of soil-dwelling termites in China will provide valuable insights for guiding precise prevention and control measures against termite infestation.This study aims to explore the geographic distribution zoning of soil-dwelling termites in China by using a mathematical model and combining the environmental factors affecting the distribution of soil-dwelling termites.【Methods】We considered several environmental factors influencing termite distribution including temperature,precipitation,relative humidity and soil pH value,and adopted an iterative local search algorithm(ILS)to develop the zoning model.【Results】The ILS zoning model captured the actual distribution of soil-dwelling termites in China.The model divided the density of soil-dwelling termites in China into three regions:high-density area(D3),medium-density area(D2),and low-density area(D1)from south to north.The northernmost boundary of D3 extends from Nanjing(Jiangsu Province)in the east,passing through Wuhu(Anhui Province),Macheng and Shashi(Hubei Province),Fenggang(Guizhou Province),Yibin(Sichuan Province),and westward to Shangri-La(Yunnan Province).This northern boundary primarily follows the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River.The northernmost boundary of D2 starts from Yancheng(Jiangsu Province),traverses Fuyang(Anhui Province),Zhumadian(Henan Province),Shangzhou(Shaanxi Province),Chengxian(Gansu Province),and extends westward to Lianting(Sichuan Province).The eastern part of this northern boundary roughly follows the Huaihe River,forming a curved shape with a raised extremity.The northernmost boundary of D1 begins from Dongying(Shandong Province),passes through Handan(Hebei Province),Changzhi(Shanxi Province),Huating and Hezuo(Gansu Province),Yushu(Qinghai Province),and extends westward to Rikaze(Xizhang Autonomous Region).Its northern boundary mainly extends northward along the lower reaches of the Yellow River,forming a curve with a raised center.【Conclusion】The geographic distribution of soil-dwelling termites in China has extended beyond the Yellow River,exhibiting a density pattern characterized by higher density in the southern and eastern regions,and lower density in the northern and western regions.From south to north,the soil-dwelling termites in China can be broadly categorized into high-,medium-and low-density areas based on the natural geographical boundaries of the Yangtze River,the Huai River,and the Yellow River.