昆虫病原线虫人工培养技术研究与应用进展

Research and application progresses of artifical culture technologies for entomopathogenic nematodes

昆虫病原线虫是昆虫的专化性寄生天敌,可自主搜寻寄主、杀虫速度快、对环境友好安全,是一类重要的害虫生物防治因子,在害虫可持续治理中具有应用潜力。目前,昆虫病原线虫作为商品化的新型生物杀虫制剂在全球生产销售。然而,昆虫病原线虫的商品化需要高效的人工培养技术。由于昆虫病原线虫的专化性较强,一种成熟的商业化昆虫病原线虫人工培养技术需要根据线虫种类优化。除了优化现有技术,还需研发新的人工培养技术。本文综述了国内外昆虫病原线虫人工培养技术研究和应用的历史和现状,详细介绍了活体培养技术和离体培养技术,讨论了影响昆虫病原线虫产量的主要因素,强调了优化人工培养技术并降低培养成本的必要性。未来,随着人工培养技术的不断优化,在丰富了昆虫病原线虫商品化种类的同时,还可降低农业生产的经济损失,改良土壤环境,具有重要的经济和社会价值。

Entomopathogenic nematodes(EPNs)are specialized parasitic natural enemies of insects,which can search for hosts autonomously and kill insects quickly,and are environmentally friendly and safe as an important class of pest biological control factors with application potential in sustainable pest management.Currently,EPNs have been produced and sold globally as commercialized new bioinsecticidal agents.However,the commercialization of EPNs requires efficient artificial culture technologies.Due to the high degree of specialization of EPNs,a proven artificial culture technology for commercialized EPNs needs to be optimized according to the nematode species.In addition to optimizing existing technologies,new artificial culture technologies need to be developed.In this article,we reviewed the history and current status of research and application of the artificial culture technologies of EPNs at home and abroad,introduced in vivo and in vitro culture technologies in detail,discussed the main factors affecting the yield of EPNs,and emphasized the need to optimize the artificial culture technologies and to reduce the cost of culture.In the future,with the continuous optimization of artificial culture technologies,the commercialization of EPN species can be enriched,while the economic loss of agricultural production can be reduced and the soil environment can be improved,which are of important economic and social value.