关于现代化概念的再认识

Recognizing on the Concept of Modernization

“现代化”有别于“现代性”:形成的时间有先后之分;使用范围有差别;现代性一词相对来说容易引起一些不必要的歧义;中国语境中的“现代化”一词对于中国人来说有着其自身特有的语境和具体意蕴。所以,使用现代化而不是现代性一词要更为贴切、准确。现代化的基本内容包括:以现代大工业为核心内容的物质生产基础;自由、平等、公正的现代价值理念;世俗化;高度的社会分化与社会整合;城市化;全球化;教育的普及;法治社会。将现代性等同于理性精神的认知有着很大的弊端:随意性较强;带有一定的西方化色彩;看不到现代物质生产对于现代社会形态生成的决定性意义。在理解现代化时,还应特别注意以下几个重要问题:现代化的这些基本内容是一个相辅相成的有机整体;只有将现代化的一般内容同具体国情有机地结合在一起方能使一个国家的现代化建设得以展开并获得成功;现代化是一个不断发展变化的过程;后现代性并非现代化的接续者。

“Modernization”is different from“modernity”:it has a chronological order of formation;the scope of use varies;the term modernity is relatively easy to cause unnecessary ambiguity;the term“modernization”in the Chinese context has its own unique context and specific meaning for Chinese people.So,using the term“modernization”instead of“modernity”would be more appropriate and accurate.The basic content of modernization includes:the material production foundation with modern large-scale industry as the core content;the modern values of freedom,equality,and justice;secularization;high degree of social differentiation and integration;urbanization;globalization;popularization of education;rule of law society.The cognition of equating modernity with rational spirit has significant drawbacks:randomness is strong,with a certain western color;we cannot see the decisive significance of modern material production to the formation of modern social forms.When understanding modernization,special attention should be paid to the following important issues:these basic contents of modernization are a complementary organic whole;only by organically combining the general content of modernization with specific national conditions can a country s modernization construction be carried out and succeed;modernization is a constantly evolving and changing process;post-modernity is not a successor to modernization.