乡城流动老年人能动适应的运作机制与发展型城乡结构的形塑

The Operational Mechanism of Active Adaptation of Elderly People Migrating From Rural Areas to Urban Areas and the Shaping of a Development-oriented Urban-rural Structure

运用“结构—行动”二重性的分析框架,从主位角度分析了乡城流动老年人的社会适应性,结果显示:乡城流动老年人对城市社会适应问题的应对会通过对经济结构中的机会获取、关系结构中的规则调适与意义结构中的空间进退来予以能动调适,其能动适应的实现离不开多重结构的支撑;发展型城乡结构与城乡融合的实现也离不开个体家庭的能动实践,后者主要包含家庭经济的合作主义、家庭结构的弹性与家庭伦理的韧性调适几个层面。在结构与行动的能动互塑下,乡城流动老年人的社会适应与发展型城乡结构之间实现了有机的嵌合,因而为保障城乡融合发展的渐进式韧性实现,应在政策上尊重乡城流动老年人的自主意愿与为他们在城乡间有主体性的两栖穿梭提供保护。

This study uses the“structure action”dual analysis framework to analyze the adaption to the society of elderly people who migrate from rural areas to urban areas from a thematic perspective.Research has found that elderly people who migrate from rural areas to urban areas can actively cope with urban social adaptation issues by acquiring opportunities in the economic structure,adjusting rules in the relationship structure,and actively adjusting the spatial progression in the meaning structure.Therefore,the realization of their active adaptation cannot be achieved without the support of multiple structures;and the development-oriented urban-rural structure and the realization of urban-rural integration also rely on the active practice of individual families,which mainly includes the co-operation of family economy,the elasticity of family structure,and the resilience adjustment of family ethics.Under the active interaction between structure and action,the social adaptation of elderly people who migrate from rural areas to urban areas has achieved organic integration with the development-oriented urban-rural structure.Therefore,in order to ensure the gradual resilience of urban-rural integration and development,policies should respect the autonomous will of elderly people who migrate from rural areas to urban areas and provide protection for their subjective amphibious shuttle between urban and rural areas.