走出“再生产”:“小镇做题家”在精英大学的突围之路

Get Rid of“Reproduction”:the Breakthrough of“Small-town Swot”in First-class Universities

从文化再生产的逻辑出发说明弱势阶层大学生在高等教育场域中的劣势处境是已有研究的主流方向。立足中国的社会环境和文化背景,摆脱缺陷论视角,以“小镇做题家”群体为研究对象,通过访谈和实物资料分析的质性研究方法,对弱势阶层大学生在精英大学的突围之路进行探究发现,“小镇做题家”在大学中实现突围的基本思路为充分激活过往经历和大学场域连续性中的有利面向,借用高等教育场域内部资源弥补由于自身资源匮乏所造成的场域之间的断裂性。其中,“小镇做题家”对于自身特质的发现和认可是其实现突围的切入点,学业发展则是突破口,而大学中的资源和重要他人是借力点。在此基础之上,打破教育再生产的强势话语和支配性的理论迷思,进一步审视中国高等教育现实情境之下布迪厄的再生产理论,发现两者在优势阶层文化、校园文化等五个方面存在差异。

Most existing studies have explained the disadvantaged situation of disadvantaged college students in the field of higher education based on the logic of cultural reproduction.Based on the social environment and cultural background of China,this research breaks away from the perspective of defect theory,and takes the“small-town swot”group as the research object to explore the route of vulnerable class students breaking through in first-class universities through qualitative research methods including interviews and physical data analysis.The study found that the core idea of“small-town swot”to break through in universities is to fully activate the favorable aspects of the continuity between the past experience and universities,and to use the internal resources of the higher education field to make up for the gap between fields caused by the lack of their own resources.Among them,the discovery and recognition of their own characteristics by“small-town swot”is the starting point of their breakthrough in universities,while academic development is the breakthrough point,and the existing resources as well as significant others in the universities are the leverage points.On this basis,to break the strong discourse and dominant theoretical myth of the cultural reproduction,and to further examine Bourdieu s reproduction theory in the context of Chinese higher education,it is found that there are five differences in terms of dominant class culture,campus culture and so on between them.