恩格斯传承德国哲学的经验与启示——基于文化现代化的视角

Experiences and inspirations of Engels'inheritance from German philosophy:From the perspective of cultural modernization

思辨哲学是德意志民族参与世界现代化初期所形成的文化传统的集中表达。它既是当时德国经济和政治实践相对落后的表现,又蕴含着探索新型现代文明的历史愿景。恩格斯紧紧抓住德国哲学在现代化进程中所扮演的双重角色,一方面通过考察现代社会的形成与发展,以把握德国哲学“神秘外壳”的历史根基,另一方面提炼与捍卫德国哲学的“合理内核”,以避免考察现代社会的中介手段遭受近代形而上学的束缚,最终锻造出指引世界社会主义运动的科学理论。立足于文化现代化的主题审视恩格斯的实践经验,对于当前我国传承发展中华优秀传统文化有着方法论上的借鉴意义:传播先进文化潮流应与本国具体实际尤其是文化传统紧密结合;提炼传统文化之精华应以时代脉搏作为根本尺度;弘扬优秀文化传统应着眼于其世界历史性意义。

Speculative philosophy is a concentrated expression of the cultural traditions formed by the Germany's participation in the early stages of world modernization.It is not only a manifestation of Germany's relatively backward economic and political practices at that time,but also contains a historical vision of exploring a new modern civilization.Engels firmly grasps the dual role played by German philosophy in its modernization.On the one hand,he masters the historical foundation of the"mysterious shell"of German philosophy by examining the formation and development of modern society.On the other hand,he subtracts and defends the"reasonable core"of German philosophy to prevent the intermediary means of exploring modern society from being bound by metaphysics,hence ultimately forging a scientific theoretical system that guides the worldwide socialist movement.Examining Engels'practical experience on the basis of the theme of cultural modernization has methodological significance for the inheritance and development of excellent traditional Chinese culture.To disseminate advanced cultural trends,we should closely integrate it with the specific realities of the country,especially cultural traditions;To extract the positive ones in traditional culture,we should take the pulse of the times as the fundamental criteria;And to promote excellent cultural traditions,we should focus on their global historical significance.