“大仇斯复”的背后:《斯巴达之魂》文本生成考论

Behind the revenge:A study on the text generation of The Soul of Sparta

鲁迅从作为晚清政治话语的复仇出发,以希波战争这一经典的“复仇范本”为母题,又在既有材源的基础上有侧重地突出彰显民族复仇色彩的战役节点,使《斯巴达之魂》不仅呼应拒俄运动,更暗含政治革命的意图,反映了近代大小两类民族主义思潮相互纠缠的现象。该文对“斯巴达”题材的选择与浙江的地域文化传统,在近代民族国家建构的探索过程中,与一度被视为近代国家建设典范的“斯巴达”产生精神共鸣有关。鲁迅基于史实对涘烈娜殉身谏夫这段关键情节的建构,与晚清“女国母”“女丈夫”等文学思潮的同频影响有关,从文学层面丰富了复仇的表达。此外,《斯巴达之魂》直到1935年才被重新收编入集,暗示着鲁迅对往昔复仇精神的历时追寻。

Starting from revenge as the political discourse of the late Qing Dynasty,Lu Xun took the classic"revenge model"of the Greco-Persian War as the motif,focused and highlighted the campaign node colored with national revenge on the basis of existing materials,making the article The Soul of Sparta not only echo the Rejecting-Russia Movement,but also imply the intention of political revolution,hence reflecting the phenomenon of the inter-entangling of two types of nationalist thoughts in modern times.The choice of the theme of"Sparta"in the article is related to the spiritual resonance of"Sparta",which was once regarded as a model of modern national construction in the process of exploring the regional cultural tradition of Zhejiang and the construction of modern national state.Lu Xun's construction of the key plot of Si Liena martyred as a remonstration husband based on historical facts is related to the common influence of literary trends such as"female national mother"and"female husband"in the late Qing Dynasty,which enriches the expression of revenge at the literary level.In addition,The Soul of Sparta was not re-compiled until 1935,suggesting Lu Xun's diachronic search for the spirit of revenge in the past.