从引《诗》看唐宋《诗》学的转型——以两《唐书》与《宋史》为例

The transformation of the study on The Book of Songs in Tang and Song dynasties from the citation of Poetry:Taking the two Books of Tang and History of Song as examples

作为唐宋儒学转型的重要一环,唐宋《诗》学转型之内在理路与真实面貌可由正史引《诗》得以彰显。在文本层面上,两《唐书》与《宋史》引《诗》对汉代以来的引《诗》规范进行了不同程度的打破与理论批判,彰显了经学式微背景下经典权威性的动摇。在取义层面上,两《唐书》引《诗》与新《春秋》学相结合,在日常运用与学术研究两个向度上体现了唐代《诗》学对春秋《诗》学的复归,并与“诗史”观念的产生相联系,显示了唐代《诗》学从注重礼乐教化的外学逐步转向探索儒家精义的内学。在此基础上,宋人进一步从理论上提取“圣人之意”作为统贯群经之本源,并在具体的《诗》学方法层面将春秋用《诗》之法与孔、孟《诗》学相结合,昭示了宋代《诗》学子学化承传与确立的轨迹。

As an important link in the transformation history of Confucianism in Tang and Song dynasties,the intrinsic logic and real features of the transformation of the study on Poetry in Tang and Song dynasties can be highlighted by the official citation of Poetry.At the textual level,the citation of Poetry by the two Books of Tang and History of Song have broken and launched theoretic attacks,to varying degrees,at the norms of"citing Poetry as evidence"since the Han Dynasty.At the semantic level,the two Books of Tang combined the citation of Poetry with the new study on Spring and Autumn,reflecting the return of the study on Poetry in the Tang Dynasty from its extrinsic study of emphasizing rites and enjoying didactics to the intrinsic study on exploring into the essentials of Confucianism.Based on this,people in the Song Dynasty further extracted“the intention of the sages”as the original source of unifying all classics,and combined the method of studying Poetry in the Spring and Autumn and the Mencius study on Poetry,revealing the trajectory of the inheritance and establishment of the scholars’study on Poetry in the Song Dynasty.