重庆市黔江区中学生心理健康状况及相关因素分析

Analysis of mental health status and related factors of middle school students in Qianjiang District of Chongqing

目的了解黔江区中学生心理健康状况,分析影响心理健康的相关因素,为中学生心理问题干预提供科学依据。方法分层抽取黔江区2所中学1450名中学生,采用中国中学生心理健康量表(MMHI-60)评定其心理健康状况,并进行相关因素分析,共收回有效问卷1249份。结果黔江区中学生心理问题检出率为43.55%,轻度34.67%,中度7.85%,重度1.04%;其中学习压力感、焦虑、情绪不稳定问题排前3位。在强迫症状、偏执、敌对、抑郁、焦虑、学习压力感、适应不良、情绪不稳定8个因子得分上男生均好于女生,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。初中生在强迫症状、偏执、人际关系、抑郁、焦虑、学习压力感、适应不良、情绪不稳定、心理不平衡方面得分均显著低于高中生,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。普通班中学生的偏执、敌对、人际关系、抑郁、焦虑、学习压力感、适应不良、情绪不稳定、心理不平衡平均分显著高于重点班者,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。来自完整家庭中学生的情绪不稳定因子得分显著低于不完整家庭者,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。logistic回归分析显示,性别(OR=1.52、95%置信区间1.211~1.908,P<0.001)、年级(OR=2.29、95%置信区间1.574~3.319,P<0.001)是中学生心理问题的独立危险因素,班级类型(OR=0.72、95%置信区间0.566~0.914,P=0.007)是中学生心理问题的保护因素。结论黔江区中学生存在不同程度的心理问题;学习压力感问题最为突出。性别、年级是影响中学生心理健康状况的独立危险因素,而班级类型是心理问题的保护因素。

Objective To understand the mental health status of middle school students in Qianjiang district,analyze the relevant factors affecting their mental health,and provide scientific basis for the intervention of middle school students′psychological problems.Methods A total of 1450 middle school students from two middle schools in Qianjiang district were selected by stratified sampling.The mental health status was assessed by the Chinese Middle School Students′Mental Health Inventory(MMHI-60),and the related factors were analyzed.A total of 1249 valid questionnaires were collected.Results The detection rate of psychological problems among middle school students in Qianjiang District was 43.55%,mild degree was 34.67%,moderate degree was 7.85%,and severe degree was 1.04%.Among them,learning pressure,anxiety and emotional instability ranked the top three.Boys were better than girls in eight factors of obsessive-compulsive symptoms,paranoia,hostility,depression,anxiety,learning pressure,maladjustment and emotional instability,and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).The scores of obsessive-compulsive symptoms,paranoia,interpersonal relationship,depression,anxiety,learning pressure,maladjustment,emotional instability and psychological imbalance of junior high school students were significantly lower than those of senior high school students(P<0.05).The average scores of paranoia,hostility,interpersonal relationship,depression,anxiety,learning pressure,maladjustment,emotional instability and psychological imbalance of middle school students in ordinary classes were significantly higher than those in key classes,and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).The score of emotional instability factor of middle school students from complete families was significantly lower than that of incomplete families,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).logistic regression analysis showed that gender(OR=1.52,95%CI:1.211-1.908,P<0.001)and grade(OR=2.29,95%CI:1.574-3.319,P<0.001)were independent risk factors for psychological problems of middle school students,and class type(OR=0.72,95%CI:0.566-0.914,P=0.007)was a protective factor for psychological problems of middle school students.Conclusion Middle school students in Qianjiang district have different degrees of psychological problems,and the problem of learning pressure is the most prominent.Gender and grade are independent risk factors affecting the mental health of middle school students,while class type is a protective factor for psychological problems.