中间品进口如何影响国内企业自主创新

How Does the Import of Intermediate Goods Affect Independent Innovation of Domestic Enterprises

随着中国进口规模的不断扩大,中间品进口对国内自主创新会产生怎样的影响是一个重要问题。本文研究结果表明:中间品进口与企业技术创新呈现出倒U型关系;进口规模较低时,中间品进口有利于企业技术创新,而随着进口规模不断提高,中间品进口对企业技术创新的抑制作用逐渐凸显;对高技术进口中间品的过度依赖不利于企业技术创新,该技术替代效应在技术前沿企业、技术吸收能力突出企业及垄断部门企业会有所减弱;中间品进口引致的利润增加和效率提升是技术溢出的两个渠道,但对高进口依存度企业却产生了明显的技术替代效应,且集中体现在发明专利及实用新型方面;通过产业关联效应,中间品进口能显著促进国内上游供应商的技术创新。本文较好解释了已有研究出现的明显分歧,并提出适度进口中间品有利于技术创新的观点,进而就调整进口发展战略、优化进口产品结构、鼓励企业自主研发提出了相关政策建议。

With the continuous expansion of China's import scale,the impact of intermediate goods imports on domestic independent innovation has become an important issue.The results of this paper show that there is an inverted U-shaped relationship between the import of intermediate goods and the technological innovation of enterprises.When the import scale is low,the import of intermediate goods benefits technological innovation of enterprises.However,as the import scale continuously increases,the inhibitory effect of intermediate goods imports on technological innovation becomes more prominent.Excessive dependence on high-tech imported intermediate products is not conducive to technological innovation,and the technology substitution effect is weakened in enterprises with advanced technology,strong technology absorption capacity,and those in monopoly sectors.The profit increase and efficiency improvement caused by the import of intermediate products are two channels of technology spillover,but they have noticeable technology substitution effects on enterprises with high import dependence,particularly affecting invention patents and utility models.Through the industrial correlation effect,the import of intermediate products significantly promotes the technological innovation of domestic upstream suppliers.This study explains the significant differences observed in existing research and suggests that moderate import of intermediate goods is beneficial for technological innovation.Furthermore,relevant policy recommendations are proposed for adjusting import development strategies,optimizing the structure of imported products,and encouraging independent research and development by enterprises.