双循环视角下的中国制造业全球价值链分工位置测度及国际比较

Measurement and International Comparison of the Position of China's Manufacturing Industry in the Global Value Chain from the Perspective of Dual Circulation

基于总生产活动分解,本文测度并探讨了中国制造业在国内循环和全球分工中的生产长度、位置演变等特征,并与代表性国家进行比较。研究发现,与发达国家相比,中国制造业参与全球价值链(GVC)分工体系的增加值占比仍处于较低水平。从生产长度看,中国制造业GVC生产长度高于其他国家,这主要与基于前向联系的境内生产长度及基于后向联系的境外生产长度延长有关。基于前向联系的境内生产长度延长表明中国制造业通过在国内发展更多的生产阶段,实现了更深入、精细的劳动分工;基于后向联系的境外生产长度延长与技术进口引发的上游生产环节增多有关。从分工位置看,中国制造业GVC分工位置指数低于发达国家,基于总生产长度的分工位置指数也相对较低,在经济活动中处于生产链下游,参与的下游生产环节相对较少;中国低技术制造业整体分工位置最高,高科技产品生产中投入使用了大量低技能劳动力。本文为应对价值链多元化趋势,推动中国制造业向GVC上游移动等提供了对策参考。

Based on the decomposition of total production activities,this paper measures and discusses the characteristics of production length and position evolution of China's manufacturing industry in domestic circulation and the global division of labor,and compares them with representative countries.This study reveals that,compared with developed countries,the proportion of value added by China's manufacturing industry in the global value chain(CVC)division of labor system is still relatively low.In terms of production length,the GVC production length of China's manufacturing industry is higher than that of other countries,mainly due to the extension of domestic production length based on forward linkages and the extension of international production length based on backward linkages.The extension of domestic production length based on forward linkages indicates that China's manufacturing industry has achieved a deeper and more refined division of labor by developing more production stages domestically,while the extension of international production length based on backward linkages is related to the increase in upstream production stages caused by technology imports.In terms of division of labor position,the GVC division of labor position index of China's manufacturing industry is lower than that of developed countries.The division of labor position index based on total production length is also relatively low,positioning it downstream in economic activities with relatively fewer downstream production stages.China's low-tech manufacturing industry has the highest overall division of labor position,with a significant amount of low-skilled labor input in the production of high-tech products.Finally,this paper proposes policy recommendations to address the trend of value chain diversification and promote the movement of China's manufacturing industry upstream in the GVC.