部委管理的国家局机构职能体系建设:结构特征与改革路径

The Construction of the Functional System of State Administration under the Management of Ministry and Commission:Structural Characteristics and Reform Path

部委管理的国家局是国务院组织机构的重要类型。近年来,部委管理的国家局呈现统筹党政职能设置机构、减少职责交叉重叠和服务国家重大战略任务的改革趋势。国家局机构设置动因包括规格调整、政企分开与职能析出,国家局承担本领域宏观管理和具体管理职责,在深化职能转变过程中明确履职重点任务。主管部委负责管理国家局的重大工作,国家局职责履行具有相对独立性,实行垂直管理和分级管理两种运行管理模式。鉴于目前国家局机构职能运行中仍然存在的矛盾和问题,即设置标准不够科学合理,转变政府职能还不到位,主管部委与国家局关系尚未理顺,系统庞大、管理链条长等,研究认为,完善部委管理的国家局机构职能体系应进一步调整国家局总体布局,加快转变政府职能,构建主管部委与国家局制度化运行机制,建设国家局高效能组织体系。

The State administration under the management of ministries and commissions is an important type of organization of the State Council.In recent years,the state administration has shown a reform trend of coordinating the establishment of institutions for Party and government functions,reducing overlapping responsibilities and serving major national strategic tasks.The motivations for the establishment of the state administration include the adjustment of specifications,the separation of government and enterprises,and the separation of functions.The state administration undertakes macro-management and specific management responsibilities in this field,and clarifies the key tasks of performing duties in the process of deepening functional transformation.The competent ministries and commissions are responsible for the management of the major work of the state administration.The performance of the duties of the state administration is relatively independent,and there are two operation and management modes:vertical management and hierarchical management.In view of the contradictions and problems that still exist in the operation of the functions of the state administration,that is,the setting standards are not scientific and reasonable,the transformation of government functions is not in place,the relationship between the competent ministries and commissions and the state administration has not yet been straightened out,the system is huge,the management chain is long,etc.,the study believes that the improvement of the functional system of the ministries and commissions managing the state administration should further adjust the overall layout of the state administration,accelerate the transformation of government functions,build the institutionalized operating mechanism of the competent ministries and commissions and the state administration,and build a high-efficiency organizational system of the state administration.