礼典的编纂与唐代文学精神

The Compilation of Rituals and the Literary Spirit of the Tang Dynasty

唐代儒学思想的发展与变化,首先体现在礼制的重塑中。太宗至玄宗期间,《贞观礼》《显庆礼》《开元礼》这三部礼典的相继编成,令唐代的礼仪制度趋于完备,也为南北朝时期分裂混乱的儒学思想找到了融合统一的方案。同时,因大量的文人参与到礼典的编修以及仪礼活动的实践之中,儒学与文学的关系由紧张逐渐趋于融合,儒学中出现的由章句到义理的转向,也越来越呼唤文学参与其中。由此,文士与儒士的身份逐渐被统一为“文儒”。这样的现象,奠定了唐代文学的基本精神,尤其对盛中唐以来复古文学思想的兴起有着直接的影响,促进了盛中唐以来文人士大夫的精神转向。

The development and changes of Confucian thought in the Tang Dynasty were first reflected in the reshaping of the ritual system.During the period from Taizong to Xuanzong,the successive compilation of the three rituals,“Zhenguan Rituals”,“Xianqing Rituals”and“Kaiyuan Rituals”,made the ritual system of the Tang Dynasty more complete,and also found integration and unity for the divided Confucian thought in the Southern and Northern Dynasties.At the same time,as a large number of literati participated in the compilation of rituals and the practice of ritual activities,the relationship between Confucianism and literature gradually moved from tension to fusion.The shift from chapters to principles in Confucianism also increasingly called for participation of literature.As a result,the identities of literati and Confucian scholars were gradually unified into“literary Confucian”.This phenomenon established the basic spirit of literature in the Tang Dynasty,especially had a direct impact on the rise of retro literary thought since the prosperous Tang Dynasty,and promoted the spiritual transformation of the scholar-bureaucrat since the prosperous Tang Dynasty.