儒老之间:北宋王安石经略熙河的思想之维

The Influence of Wang Anshi's Lao Tzu Thought on the Northwest Frontier War in the Northern Song Dynasty

北宋熙河开边是影响其与西北吐蕃及西夏关系的重要事件,王安石在其中起了重要作用。熙宁年间王安石“发明”《周礼》,积极致力于变法图强,推服儒家“朝廷既治,远人自宾”的天下治理模式。但王安石又主张“善遇辽朝”,积极经略西夏。王安石儒家理想与现实之间存有巨大的张力,儒家天下治理思想更不能为开边提供思想理据。宋夏经熙宁初年的系列争战后,在宋神宗的支持下双方又达成和议并于熙宁五年在绥州进行了勘界。而王安石虽主张积极经略西夏,然对直接经略西夏终究是存有“畏难”情绪的,故绥州勘界后又以《老子》“图难于其易,为大于其细”思想为理据,在“破秉常与破木征无异”的名义下支持王韶在熙河开边,以“威临夏国”。关注《老子》思想,对深入认识王安石及其主导的熙河开边,以及宋夏关系都大有裨益。

The border war between the Northern Song Dynasty and the Tibetan tribes was an important historical event,and Wang Anshi played a very important role in it.During the reign of Emperor Shenzong of Xining,Wang Anshi actively devoted himself to domestic reform.Wang Anshi highly praised the Confucian pacifism governance model.But the reality was that Wang Anshi actively manages the Western Xia Dynasty.There is a huge tension between Wang Anshi's Confucian ideals and realistic claims.As far as the relationship between the Song Dynasty and the Western Xia Dynasty is concerned,after a series of battles,the two sides reached a peace agreement.However,at the same time,Wang Anshi launched a war against the Tibetan tribes in the northwest under the name of attacking the Western Xia Dynasty.Wang Anshi's action is based on the idea that complicated things in Lao Tzu should start from the easy ones first.Paying attention to the thoughts of Lao Tzu will undoubtedly be of great benefit to the in-depth understanding of Wang Anshi and the war he led against the Tibetan tribes in the northwest region.