博洛尼亚进程为何具有全球影响力——基于“规范性权力”视角的分析

Why Is the Bologna Process Globally Influential:An Analysis from the Perspective of Normative Power

欧洲的博洛尼亚进程作为一个具有全球影响力的高等教育改革项目,引起了世界各地的关注和效仿,可通过规范性权力的理论视角探究其具有全球影响力的原因。规范性权力在国际关系领域指的是一种塑造“正常”观念的力量,博洛尼亚进程则在国际高等教育领域被塑造为一种能够定义“正常”观念的全球高等教育规范,这主要源于以下三方面原因。第一,技术工具提供了标准和规范,为博洛尼亚进程赋予去政治化和跨越空间维度的可能性;第二,博洛尼亚进程是由不同利益相关者通过民主协商程序推进的,其复杂且横向交织的沟通网络推动其自身的合法化和制度化;第三,博洛尼亚进程的内容和原则具有世界性,它不仅与国际高等教育发展的方向和原则相一致,而且大学的欧洲历史起源也增强了其权威性。

As a globally influential higher education reform project,the Bologna Process in Europe has attracted worldwide attention and emulation.The reasons for its global influence can be explored from the theoretical perspective of normative power.In the field of international relations,normative power is a force that shapes the idea of"normal',while the Bologna Process has been shaped as a globalnorm for higher education that defines the concept of"normal"in the field ofinternational higher educationfor the following three reasons.First,the technical tools provide standards and normsthat give the Bologna Process the possibilityto depoliticize and transcendspatial dimensions.Second,the fact that the Bologna Processis advanced by different stakeholders through democratic consultationand its complex and transversally interwoven communications networks drive its own legitimization and institutionalization.Third,the content and principles of the Bologna Process are cosmopolitan,not only are theyin line with the directions and principles of the development in international higher education,but the university's European historical origins also enhance its authority.