书包治理——印度教育减负关键策略探析

School Bags Governance:An Analysis of Key Strategies to Reduce Education Burden in India

为解放中小学生身体,促进学习观念转变,推动学校整体改进,维护国家课程权威,印度政府大力推进教育减负,其关键策略在于书包治理。书包治理的关键主体涉及各级教育行政部门及教材编写和出版机构、学校、教师和家长。书包治理的直接措施是规定书包形状,限制书包重量;核心措施是精简教材内容,限制教学科目,减轻作业负担;保障措施是改善学校基础设施,减少书包附加物,提供书包称量机,监管书包重量。虽然印度书包治理获得教师和家长的广泛支持,但是由于中央政府教育投资不足、地方政府机构问责不力,书包治理陷入“局部空转”的境地,甚至引起社会对于学习危机和书包过重的新争议。

In order to liberate the bodies of primary and secondary school students,promote changes in learning philosophy,promote improvement of school facilities,and maintain the authority of the national curriculum,the Indian government vigorously promotes education burden reduction,and its key strategy lies in the governance of school bags.The key issues of school bag governance mainly involve various education departments and institutions at all levels,schools and their own management departments,teachers and parents.The direct measures to govern school bags are to specify the shape of school bags and limit the weight of school bags.The core measures are to streamline the content of textbooks,limit teaching subjects,and reduce the homework burden.The safeguard measures are to improve school infrastructure,reduce extra items of school bags,such as water bottles,and provide digital weighing machine to monitor the weight of school bags.Although school bag governance has received widespread support from teachers and parents,it has fallen into a"partial idling"situation due to insufficient investment in education by the central government and poor accountability of state governments.In addition,it has caused new social controversies about the learning crisis and the burden of school bags.