空气有毒物质在GESTIS物质数据库的职业接触限值现状

Status of occupational exposure limits of air toxic substances in the GESTIS Substances Database

目的:了解工作场所空气中无职业接触限值(OELs)的有毒物质在德国GESTIS物质数据库的限值现状,为我国制定相应有毒物质的OELs及完善卫生标准提供参考依据。方法:于2022年3月至2023年5月,依据GBZ 2.1-2019《工作场所有害因素职业接触限值第1部分:化学有害因素》,筛选出GBZ/T 300.1-2017《工作场所空气有毒物质测定第1部分:总则》中无OELs的空气有毒物质,并通过德国GESTIS物质数据库查询其他国家/地区相应OELs的情况。结果:在GBZ/T 300.1-2017的160个部分共333种(类)空气有毒物质中,筛选出48种(类)化学物质在GBZ 2.1-2019中尚未制定OELs。通过查询德国GESTIS物质数据库,发现在此48种(类)空气有毒物质中,35种(类)空气有毒物质有8小时职业接触限值和短时间职业接触限值,4种(类)空气有毒物质只有8小时职业接触限值而无短时间职业接触限值,9种(类)空气有毒物质未能检索出职业接触限值。此外,我国目前暂未发布三甲基一氯硅烷、三甲苯、异丙苯、氯乙烷、氯丙烷、二溴乙烷和苯乙酮等7种空气有毒物质的标准检测方法。结论:在制/修订GBZ 2.1-2019和GBZ/T 300系列标准过程中,可将德国GESTIS物质数据库最新公开发布的OELs作为一项参考依据。

Objective In order to understand the current situation of air toxic substances without occupational exposure limits(OELs)in the workplace in the Germany GESTIS Substance Database,and to provide an effective reference for formulating OELs of corresponding toxic substances and improving health standards.Methods From March 2022 to May 2023,based on the standard of GBZ 2.1-2019 Occupational Exposure Limits for Hazardous Agents in the Workplace-Part 1:Chemical Hazardous Agents,air toxic substances without OELs in the standard of GBZ/T 300.1-2017 Determination of Toxic Substances in Workplace Air-Part 1:General Principles were screened out,then corresponding OELs in other countrie/regions were queried through the Germany GESTIS Substance Database.Results Among the 333 kinds(classes)of air toxic substances in 160 parts of GBZ/T 300.1-2017 standard,48 kinds(classes)of air toxic substances were screened out and had not yet been formulated OELs in GBZ 2.1-2019 standard.By querying the Germany GESTIS Substance Database,it was found that among the 48 kinds(classes)of air toxic substances,35 kinds(classes)of air toxic substances had both 8-hour occupational exposure limit and short-term occupational exposure limit,4 kinds(classes)of air toxic substances had 8-hour occupational exposure limit but no short-term occupational exposure limit,9 kinds(classes)of air toxic substances hadn't been retrieved any OELs.In addition,standard test methods of 7 kinds of air toxic substances hadn't been published in the present,including trimethylchlorosilane,trimethylbenzenes,cumene,chloroethane,chloropropane,dibromoethane and acetophenone.Conclusion In the process of formulating or revising the standards of GBZ 2.1-2019 and GBZ/T 300,the latest published OELs in the Germany GESTIS Substance Database could be used as a reference basis.