2022年陕西省农田土壤重金属污染调查

Investigation on heavy metal pollution in farmland soil of Shaanxi Province in 2022

目的 了解2022年陕西省三大地理区域农田土壤重金属污染情况,为相关部门制订政策和措施提供依据。方法 2022年7—8月在陕西省600个调查村随机采集村边农田5~20 cm深度土壤1份,检测铅、镉、铬、汞、砷含量。按照关中平原、秦巴山区和陕北高原对数据分别进行统计、分析与评价。结果 2022年陕西省600份土样重金属整体达标率为88.83%,整体达标率陕北高原(95.83%)和关中平原(95.00%)高于秦巴山区(79.17%)(P<0.01)。陕西省土样铅达标率为99.83%,超标样来自陕北高原(1份);镉达标率为89.67%,关中平原和陕北高原达标率高于秦巴山区,秦巴山区有1份高风险土样;铬、砷达标率均为99.67%,超标样均来自秦巴山区(铬、砷各2份);汞达标率为100.00%。结论 2022年陕西省农田土壤无汞污染,铅、铬、砷污染程度较轻,镉污染较严重。秦巴山区污染程度较严重,尤其是镉,明显高于关中平原和陕北高原。

Objective To understand the situation of heavy metal pollution of farmland soil in 3 major geographical regions of Shaanxi Province in 2022,and provide a basis for relevant departments to formulate policies and measures.Methods From July to August 2022,a sample of soil at a depth of 5-20 cm was randomly collected from 600 survey villages in Shaanxi Province,and the contents of lead,cadmium,chromium,hydrargyrum and arsenic were tested.The data were statistically analyzed and evaluated according to the distribution in the Guanzhong Plain,Qinba Mountain Area,and Shaanbei Plateau Areas.Results The overall compliance rate of heavy metals in 600 soil samples from Shaanxi Province in 2022 was 88.83%.The overall compliance rates in the Shaanbei Plateau(95.83%)and the Guanzhong Plain(95.00%)were higher than that in the Qinba Mountains(79.17%)(P<0.01).The lead compliance rate of soil samples in Shaanxi Province was 99.83%,with one sample exceeding the standard coming from the Shaanbei Plateau.The cadmium compliance rate was 89.67%,the compliance rates in the Guanzhong Plain and Shaanbei Plateau were higher than those in the Qinba Mountain Area,and there was one high-risk soil sample in the Qinba Mountain Area.The compliance rates of chromium and arsenic were both 99.67%,and the exceeding samples were all from the Qinba Mountain Area(2 samples of chromium and arsenic each).The hydrargyrum compliance rate was 100.00%.Conclusion In 2022,there is no hydrargyrum pollution in farmland soil in Shaanxi Province,with relatively light levels of lead,chromium,and arsenic pollution and more severe cadmium pollution.The pollution level in the Qinba Mountain Area is relatively severe,especially cadmium,which is significantly higher than that in the Guanzhong Plain and the Shaanbei Plateau.