国内外脑膜炎球菌疫苗研发及应用现状

Current status of research and application of meningococcal vaccine at home and abroad

随着脑膜炎球菌疫苗的使用,国内外流脑的发病率呈下降趋势。目前我国免疫规划中,儿童接种流脑疫苗的程序以A群流脑多糖疫苗和A群C群流脑多糖疫苗为主。国内其他上市的流脑疫苗也多为A群C群流脑结合疫苗和ACYW四价流脑多糖疫苗(group a,c,y and w meningococcal polysaccharide conjugate vaccine,ACYW)。然而,在美国以及欧洲部分国家,早已将ACYW四价流脑多糖结合疫苗纳入免疫规划程序中。2021年,我国首个四价流脑结合疫苗上市,使我国高端流脑疫苗的研发有了新的进展。但整体而言,我国流脑疫苗的发展仍存在免疫程序不完善、缺乏B群流脑疫苗等问题。因此,本文旨在通过综述国内外现有流脑疫苗研发现状及接种程序,为今后流脑疫苗研发和接种提供参考依据。

With the use of meningococcal vaccines,the incidence rate of epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis has shown a downward trend.At present,in national immunization program,the vaccination procedures for children are mainly group A meningococcal polysaccharide vaccine and group A and group C meningococcal polysaccharide vaccine.Other meningococcal vaccines on the market in China are mostly group A and group C meningococcal polysaccharide conjugate vaccine and group a,c,y and w meningococcal polysaccharide conjugate vaccine(ACYW).However,in the United States and some European countries,group ACYW meningococcal polysaccharide conjugate vaccine has been included in immunization programs for a long time.In 2021,the first quadrivalent meningococcal polysaccharide conjugate vaccine in China was launched,making new progress in the research and development of high quality meningococcal vaccines in China.Overall,the development of meningococcal vaccine still has problems such as imperfect immunization procedures and lack of group B meningococcal vaccine.Therefore,this article aims to provide a reference for future development and vaccination of meningococcal vaccines by reviewing the current status and vaccination procedures of meningococcal vaccines both domestically and internationally.