党的十八大以来我国中小学教师政策回溯与展望——基于政策“工具—要素”框架的分析

Retrospective and Prospective of Primary and Secondary School Teacher Policy in China since the 18th CPC National Congress:An Analysis Based on the Framework of Policy"Instruments-Elements"

兴国必先强师,教师是教育发展的第一资源。党的十八大以来,伴随着教育强国战略的持续推进,我国中小学教师队伍建设进入一个新的历史发展阶段。研究基于政策工具理论的视角,构建出“政策工具类型—教师政策要素”理论分析框架,运用文本计量和内容分析的方法,对党的十八大以来国家层面颁发的68份关于中小学教师队伍建设的政策文本进行了分析。研究发现,党的十八大以来国家推进中小学教师队伍建设的政策举措呈现出多元、全面、补短的特征,但总体上存在能力建设型政策工具使用过溢,政策工具在组合搭配上存在结构性失衡;教师政策要素主要集中于“能力素质”要素,政府的政策供给协调作用不充分;政策工具与教师政策要素的契合度有待提升等问题。在此基础上,提出对我国未来中小学教师政策体系的展望。

To rejuvenate the country,teachers must be strong first.Teachers are the first resources of educa-tional development.Since the 18th National Congress of the CPC,the construction of teachers in primary and middle schools has entered a new historical stage with the continuous promotion of the strategy of education power.Based on the perspective of policy tool theory,this paper constructed a theoretical analysis framework of"policy tool type-teacher policy elements",and analyzed 68 national policy texts on primary and secondary school teacher team construction since the 18th CPC National Congress by using the methods of text measure-ment and content analysis.The results show that since the 18th CPC National Congress,the national policies and measures to promote teacher team construction are diversified,comprehensive and complementary,but there are overuse of capacity building policy tools and structural imbalance in the combination of policy tools.Teacher poli-cy elements mainly focus on"ability and quality"elements,and the government's coordinating role of policy sup-ply is not sufficient.The compatibility between policy tools and teacher policy elements needs to be improved.On this basis,some suggestions are put forward to improve the policy system of future primary and secondary school teachers in China.