拔尖创新人才早期培养:日本英才教育的发展历程与实践路径

Early Cultivation of Top-notch Innovative Talents:Development History and Implementation Routes of Gifted and Talented Education in Japan

拔尖创新人才培养是建设教育强国的必由之路。日本英才教育发展历经早期精英主义表现、从偃旗息鼓到卷土重来、渐进式发展、深化创新四个阶段,时至今日,形成了多样化、特色化的英才教育实践路径。以大学提前入学制度、超级科学高中项目和校外英才教育项目为代表的英才教育实践在取得积极成效的同时也面临诸多挑战。在国际科技与人才竞争日益加剧的新形势下,我国应理性审视日本英才教育之经验,健全拔尖创新人才早期发现及选拔机制,完善拔尖创新人才早期培养体系,建设拔尖创新人才早期培养支持体系,通过早期发现、精准选拔、系统培养,回应新时代国家对拔尖创新人才的迫切需求。

Cultivating top-notch innovative talents is the necessary way to build a powerful education nation.The development of gifted and talented education in Japan has gone through four stages:early manifestations of elitism,from decline to resurgence,progressive development,and deepening innovation.Nowadays,Japan has established diverse and distinctive practices in gifted and talented education.Representative practices,such as early university admissions,the Super Science High School Program and after-school gifted and talented education program,have yielded positive results but also face many challenges.In the context of intensified international competition in science and technology,and talent,it is crucial for China to rationally examine Japan's experiences in gifted education.We should improve mechanisms for the early identification and selection of top-notch innovative talents,refine the early cultivation system for such talents,and build a support system for the early cultivation.This approach aims to discover early,select precisely,and cultivate systematically,thus responding to the urgent needs for top-notch innovative talents in the new era.