博物馆是什么?——整体观博物馆体系析

What is a Museum? An Analysis of the Overall View of the Museum System

公共博物馆是现代社会的产物。理解博物馆的现象、本质、存在条件及博物馆制度,是博物馆学的重要课题。本文从本体立场,考察博物馆学基于物、功能和语义等视角对博物馆特性的研究。本文在综合前人研究基础上,指出博物馆体系是人的有目的活动的方式及与此相关的关系的外部化,博物馆活动是现代社会历史条件下以建构知识和分享知识为目的的人的活动。笔者据此基本认识,讨论博物馆体系本质、博物馆活动、博物馆制度、博物馆思想意志及博物馆体系变革等问题。

Public museums are products of modern society.Understanding the phenomena,essence,conditions of existence,and institutional framework of museums is a crucial topic in museum studies.From an ontological standpoint,this paper examines the characteristics of museums from the perspectives of objects,functions,and semantics.Building upon previous research,the paper argues that the museum system represents the externalization of purposeful human activities and their associated relationships.Museum activities represent the purposeful endeavors of individuals in modern society aimed at constructing and sharing knowledge.Based on this fundamental understanding of museums,the author investigates issues such as the essence of museum systems,museum activities,museum institutions,ideologies of museums,and changes in museum systems.