2018-2022年山东省潍坊市病毒性腹泻流行特征分析

Analysis on epidemiological characteristics of viral diarrhea in Weifang city,Shandong province from 2018 to 2022

目的 分析2018-2022年山东省潍坊市病毒性腹泻病的病原谱和流行病学特征,为病毒性腹泻病的防控提供参考依据。方法 在2018-2022年山东省潍坊市报告的其他感染性腹泻病例中,采集监测病例的粪便标本进行病原学检测,分析病毒阳性病例的病原构成及其流行病学特征。结果 2018-2022年山东省潍坊市共报告其他病毒性腹泻病例39 707例,采集2 157份标本,共检出阳性872例,阳性率为40.4%(872/2 157)。单病毒阳性率由高到低依次为轮状病毒27.21%(587/2 157)、诺如病毒12.84%(278/2 157)、肠道腺病毒3.20%(69/2 157)、星状病毒2.87%(66/2 157)、札如病毒0.88%(19/2 157),2种及以上病毒混合感染阳性率为5.00%(108/2 157)。2018-2022年各年度病毒阳性检出率分别为36.3%(151/2 157)、40.7%(207/2 157)、43.9%(159/2 157)、47.0%(231/2 157)和32.7%(124/2 157),检出率差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=23.081,P<0.05)。2018-2021年病毒阳性率呈现逐年升高趋势(χ^(2)=11.507,P=0.001),2022年阳性率回落。结论 2018-2022年山东省潍坊市病毒性腹泻由多种病毒引起,以轮状病毒和诺如病毒为主,存在一定的混合感染。

Objective To analyze the pathogen spectrum and epidemiological characteristics of viral diarrhea in Weifang city,Shandong province from 2018to 2022,so as to provide reference for the prevention and control of viral diarrhea.Methods Fecal specimens were collected from reported cases of infectious gastroenteritis in Weifang city during 2018to 2022for pathogen detection.The composition of pathogens and the epidemiological characteristics of positive viral cases were analyzed.Results A total of 39707cases of infectious gastroenteritis were reported,and 2157fecal specimens were collected,872cases were positive,the positive rate was 40.4%(872/2157).The positive rates of single virus from high to low were rotavirus(27.21%,587/2157),norovirus(12.84%,278/2157),enteric adenovirus(3.20%,69/2157),astrovirus(2.87%,66/2157),and sapovirus(0.88%,19/2157).The positivity rate for mixed infections with 2 or more types of viruses was 5.00%(108/2157).From 2018to 2022,the annual positive detection rates showed significant differences(χ^(2)=23.081,P<0.05),with rates of 36.3%(151/2157),40.7%(207/2157),43.9%(159/2157),47.0%(231/2157),and 32.7%(124/2157)from 2018to 2022,respectively.The virus positivity rate showed a steady increase from 2018to 2021(χ^(2)=11.507,P=0.001).However,the positive rate declined in 2022.Conclusion Viral diarrhoea is caused by a variety of viruses,predominantly rotavirus and norovirus,with some mixed infections in Weifang city,Shandong province from 2018to 2022.